Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

15. Gene Expression

Genetic Code

General Biology

15. Gene Expression

Genetic Code

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1:39 minutes

Problem 2

Textbook Question

Which of the following correctly ranks the structures in order of size, from largest to smallest?
a. Gene–Chromosome–Nucleotide–Codon
b. Chromosome–Gene–Codon–Nucleotide
c. Nucleotide–Chromosome–Gene–Codon
d. Chromosome–Nucleotide–Gene–Codon

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the hierarchy of genetic structures: A chromosome is the largest structure, containing many genes. Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins, and they are composed of sequences of nucleotides. Codons are specific sequences of three nucleotides that correspond to amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Analyze the options provided. Each option lists the structures in a specific order. To determine the correct ranking, compare the relative sizes of the structures based on the hierarchy described in the first step.

Start with the largest structure, which is the chromosome. Eliminate any options that do not list the chromosome as the largest structure.

Next, identify the second largest structure, which is the gene. Eliminate any options that do not list the gene immediately after the chromosome.

Finally, confirm the order of the smaller structures: codons (three-nucleotide sequences) are larger than individual nucleotides. Use this information to identify the correct ranking from the options provided.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are long, thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins that contain genetic information. In humans, each cell typically contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, which house many genes. They are the largest structures in the hierarchy of genetic material, serving as the organizational units for DNA.

Genes

Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes that encode instructions for building proteins. Each gene can vary in size and is responsible for specific traits or functions in an organism. They are smaller than chromosomes but larger than codons and nucleotides.

Nucleotides and Codons

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Codons are sequences of three nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids during protein synthesis. Codons are smaller than nucleotides, as they are formed by combinations of three nucleotides.