Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

44. Animal Reproduction

Animal Reproduction

General Biology

44. Animal Reproduction

Animal Reproduction

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0:26 minutes

Problem 7

Textbook Question

The production of gametes ________.
a. Begins at puberty in males and females.
b. Requires that the testes of males produce semen.
c. Results in the production of diploid cells from haploid cells.
d. Begins at puberty in females.
e. Produces sperm and eggs that carry half the number of chromosomes as nongametes.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of gametes: Gametes are reproductive cells (sperm in males and eggs in females) that carry half the number of chromosomes compared to somatic (non-reproductive) cells. This is because gametes are haploid, meaning they contain one set of chromosomes, while somatic cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes.

Review the process of gametogenesis: Gametogenesis is the process by which gametes are formed. In males, this process is called spermatogenesis and occurs in the testes, while in females, it is called oogenesis and occurs in the ovaries.

Clarify the chromosome number: During gametogenesis, diploid cells undergo meiosis, a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in haploid gametes. This ensures that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid chromosome number.

Examine the timing of gamete production: In males, spermatogenesis begins at puberty and continues throughout life. In females, oogenesis begins before birth, but the process pauses until puberty, when it resumes during the menstrual cycle.

Identify the correct answer: Based on the information above, gametes (sperm and eggs) are haploid cells that carry half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells. This aligns with option e, which states that gametes produce sperm and eggs that carry half the number of chromosomes as nongametes.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Gamete Production

Gamete production, or gametogenesis, is the biological process through which specialized cells called gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) are produced. This process begins at puberty in both sexes, involving complex hormonal regulation and cellular division. In males, it occurs in the testes, while in females, it takes place in the ovaries.

Haploid and Diploid Cells

In humans, diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent), while haploid cells contain only one set. Gametes are haploid, meaning they carry half the genetic information necessary for the formation of a new organism. During fertilization, two haploid gametes combine to form a diploid zygote, restoring the full chromosome number.

Semen Production

Semen is a fluid that contains sperm cells and is produced in males during ejaculation. The production of semen involves the testes, which generate sperm, and accessory glands that contribute fluids to create semen. This process is essential for the delivery of sperm during reproduction, but it is distinct from the actual formation of gametes.

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Textbook Question

Summarize the experimental evidence that Daphnia require three cues to trigger sexual reproduction. Discuss what these cues indicate about the environment.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is mismatched?

a. Urethra: sperm passage

b. Testes: hormone production

c. Vas deferens: semen production

d. Seminiferous tubules: sperm production

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is a true statement?

a. All mammals have menstrual cycles

b. The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles

c. Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles

d. Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles

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Textbook Question

Many frogs and mice are similar in size, yet a frog egg is vastly larger than a mouse egg. Propose a plausible explanation for this difference in the egg size.

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Textbook Question

For which of the following is the number the same in human males and females?

a. Interruptions in meiotic divisions

b. Functional gametes produced by meiosis

c. Meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete

d. Different cell types produced by meiosis

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Textbook Question

How do spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans differ with respect to numbers of cells produced, gamete size, and timing of the second meiotic division?

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Textbook Question

Which statement about human reproduction is true?

a. Fertilization occurs in the vagina.

b. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis both require normal body temperature.

c. An oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it.

d. The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

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Textbook Question

Which statement about human reproduction is false?