Negative-feedback mechanisms are
a. Most often involved in maintaining homeostasis.
b. Analogous to a furnace that produces heat.
c. Found only in birds and mammals.
d. All of the above.

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

a. Elephant; mouse

b. Elephant; human

c. Mouse; snake

d. Penguin; mouse

The cells of an ant and an elephant are, on average, the same small size; an elephant just has more of them. What is the main advantage of small cell size? (Explain your reasoning.)

a. A small cell has a larger plasma membrane surface area than does a large cell.

b. Small cells can better take up sufficient nutrients and oxygen to service their cell volume.

c. It takes less energy to make an organism out of small cells.

d. Small cells require less oxygen than do large cells.

Which of the following statements regarding surface area and volume in animals are correct? Select True or False for each statement.

T/FAs an animal grows, its volume increases more rapidly than its surface area.

T/FA chihuahua has a higher surface area to volume ratio than a Great Dane.

T/FAnimals with high surface area to volume ratios heat and cool more slowly than animals with lower surface area to volume ratios.

T/FAs an animal's volume increases, its total surface area decreases.

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

a. Less surface area

b. Less surface area per unit of volume

c. The same surface-area-to-volume ratio

d. A smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

a. If the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate

b. If it is actively foraging for food

c. If it is growing and increasing its mass

d. Never; due to homeostasis, these energy and material budgets always balance

Which of the following cell structures would you expect to be most important in the growth of bacteria on the surface of your teeth?

a. Cell wall

b. Fimbriae

c. Flagella

d. Cilia

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

a. Marine jelly (an invertebrate)

b. Snake in a temperate forest

c. Desert insect

d. Desert bird