Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

48. Ecology

Introduction to Ecology

General Biology

48. Ecology

Introduction to Ecology

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3:13 minutes

Problem 19

Textbook Question

In the climograph below, biomes are plotted by their range of annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation. Identify the following biomes:
Arctic tundra
Coniferous forest
Desert, grassland
Temperate forest,
Tropical forest.
Explain why there are areas in which biomes overlap on this graph.

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the climograph provided. Each labeled region (a, b, c, d, e, f) represents a biome based on its range of mean annual temperature (°C) and mean annual precipitation (cm). Identify the biomes by matching their environmental conditions to the graph.

Label 'a' corresponds to the desert biome, characterized by low precipitation (less than 100 cm annually) and high temperatures (up to 30°C). Deserts are typically dry and hot.

Label 'b' corresponds to the grassland biome, which has moderate precipitation (around 100-200 cm annually) and temperatures ranging from 0°C to 30°C. Grasslands are found in regions with seasonal rainfall.

Label 'c' corresponds to the tropical forest biome, which experiences high precipitation (300-400 cm annually) and warm temperatures (above 20°C). Tropical forests are located near the equator and have consistent rainfall.

Biomes overlap on the graph because environmental conditions such as temperature and precipitation can vary within a biome, creating transitional zones. For example, grasslands may share characteristics with deserts or temperate forests depending on local climate variations.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Climograph

A climograph is a graphical representation that displays the relationship between temperature and precipitation in a specific area over a year. It helps in visualizing climate patterns and understanding how these factors influence the distribution of biomes. By plotting mean annual temperature against mean annual precipitation, climographs can illustrate the conditions that define different ecosystems.

Biome

A biome is a large ecological area on the Earth's surface, characterized by specific climate conditions, flora, and fauna. Examples include tundra, forests, deserts, and grasslands. Each biome has distinct temperature and precipitation ranges that support particular types of vegetation and animal life, which can be identified on a climograph based on their respective climatic conditions.

Biome Overlap

Biome overlap occurs when different biomes share similar ranges of temperature and precipitation, leading to areas where their characteristics can blend. This can happen due to transitional zones, where environmental conditions are not strictly defined, allowing for a mix of species and ecosystems. Understanding this overlap is crucial for studying biodiversity and ecological interactions within these regions.

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Textbook Question

Tropical rain forests are the most diverse biomes. What factors contribute to this diversity?

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Textbook Question

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The red lionfish, Pterois volitans, has beautiful red stripes, streaming fins, and a fearless disposition, and it is deadly. Native to the Pacific Ocean, the red lionfish was first discovered on coral reefs in the Bahamas in 1985. The species has spread to over 3 million square kilometers of the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Lionfish have a voracious appetite for native fish, are armed with venomous spines, and have no natural predators in their new range.

Biologists are scrambling to study the reproductive biology of lionfish to inform management decisions. For example, Alexander Fogg and colleagues studied lionfish females in the northern Gulf of Mexico and estimated that an average female could produce 2,332,490 eggs per year. What time of year is reproductive rate the highest? To answer this question, the researchers collected an average of 200 lionfish each month and measured ovary size relative to body size, an indicator of reproductive capacity. Describe the take-home message of the graph. How do the error bars affect your confidence in this message?

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Textbook Question

What biome do you live in? Describe your climate and the factors that have produced that climate. What plants and animals are typical of this biome? If you live in an urban or agricultural area, how have human interventions changed the natural biome?

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Textbook Question

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Volunteer conservation organizations have hosted 'lionfish derbies' and lionfish cookouts to promote the capture of thousands of lionfish from reefs in Florida and the Bahamas. Conservationists are also trying to promote a fishery for these small but tasty fish. Give one reason that it would be easy to promote the consumption of lionfish. Describe one possible challenge to this effort.

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following scenarios best corresponds with the term “niche”?

Which of the following is NOT a biotic factor?

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