Choose the best definition of a fossil.
a. A rock that contains information about an organism
b. A bone, tooth, shell, or other hard part of an organism that has been preserved
c. Any trace of an organism that lived in the past
d. Any part of a dead organism

How many different species have been identified by science?

How many are estimated to exist?

Fossilized stromatolites:

a. Formed around deep-sea vents.

b. Resemble structures formed by bacterial communities that are found today in some shallow marine bays.

c. Provide evidence that plants moved onto land in the company of fungi around 500 million years ago.

d. Contain the first undisputed fossils of eukaryotes.

A cell is placed in a solution that is hypotonic to the cell. Which of the following best describes movement of water in this situation?

a. Water will only flow into the cell.

b. Water will only flow out of the cell.

c. Water will flow into and out of the cell, but the overall net movement will be out of the cell.

d. Water will flow into and out of the cell, but the overall net movement will be into the cell.

Which of the following results provided evidence of a discrete nuclear localization signal somewhere on the nucleoplasmin protein?

a. The nucleoplasmin protein was small and easily slipped through the nuclear pore complex.

b. After cleavage of the nucleoplasmin protein, only the tail segments appeared in the nucleus.

c. Removing the tail from the nucleoplasmin protein allowed the core segment to enter the nucleus.

d. The SRP bound only to the tail of the nucleoplasmin protein, not the core segment.

Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the endosymbiotic hypothesis.

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The oxygen revolution changed Earth's environment dramatically. Which of the following took advantage of the presence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?

a. The evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from organic molecules

b. The persistence of some animal groups in anaerobic habitats

c. The evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protected early algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen

d. The evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria

Why does the presence of extinct forms and transitional features in the fossil record support the pattern component of the theory of evolution by natural selection? Select True or False for each statement.

T/F It supports the hypothesis that individuals change over time.

T/F It supports the hypothesis that weaker species are eliminated by natural selection.

T/F It supports the hypothesis that species evolve to become more complex and better adapted over time.

T/F It supports the hypothesis that species change over time.