Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

7. Energy and Metabolism

ATP

General Biology

7. Energy and Metabolism

ATP

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Multiple Choice

Much of the suitability of ATP as an energy intermediary is related to the instability of the bonds between the phosphate groups. These bonds are unstable because __________.

the valence electrons in the phosphorus atom have less energy on average than those of other atoms

they are hydrogen bonds, which are only about 10% as strong as covalent bonds

the phosphate groups are polar and are attracted to the water in the cell's interior

the bonds between the phosphate groups are unusually strong and breaking them releases free energy

the negatively charged phosphate groups vigorously repel one another and the terminal phosphate group is more stable in water than it is in ATP

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of ATP: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) consists of an adenosine molecule attached to three phosphate groups. The bonds between these phosphate groups are known as phosphoanhydride bonds.

Recognize the nature of the phosphoanhydride bonds: These bonds are high-energy bonds due to the repulsion between the negatively charged phosphate groups. Each phosphate group carries a negative charge, leading to repulsion between them.

Consider the stability of the phosphate groups: The terminal phosphate group, when released, is more stable in water than when it is part of ATP. This is because the repulsion between the negatively charged groups is reduced when the terminal phosphate is released.

Analyze why breaking these bonds releases energy: The repulsion between the negatively charged phosphate groups makes the bonds unstable. When the terminal phosphate group is removed, the system moves to a lower energy state, releasing energy that can be used by the cell.

Conclude the reason for ATP's suitability as an energy intermediary: The instability of the bonds due to repulsion between negatively charged phosphate groups makes ATP an effective energy carrier, as breaking these bonds releases energy that can be harnessed for cellular processes.