Large-scale, worldwide adaptive radiations have occurred in which of the following situations?(A)when there are no available ecological niches(B)after each of the big five mass extinctions(C)after colonization of an isolated island that contains suit-able habitat and few competitor species(D)whenever an evolutionary innovation was needed for or-ganisms to thrive

You set your time machine for 3 billion years ago and push the start button. When the dust clears, you look out the window. Which of the following describes what you would probably see?

a. A cloud of gas and dust in space

b. Green scum in the water

c. Land and water sterile and devoid of life

d. An endless expanse of red-hot molten rock

Which of the following best characterizes an adaptive radiation?

a. Descendant species occupy a large geographic area.

b. A single lineage diversifies rapidly, and descendant species occupy many habitats and ecological roles.

c. Natural selection is particularly intense, because disruptive selection occurs.

d. Species recover after a mass extinction.

What two conditions must be present for osmosis to occur? Integral membrane proteins are anchored in lipid bilayers.

How does the hydrolysis of ATP result in the movement of a motor protein along a cytoskeletal filament?

Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of three of the following four factors. Select the exception:

a. Vacant ecological niches

b. Genetic drift

c. Colonization of an isolated region that contains suitable habitat and few competitor species

d. Evolutionary innovation

Ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes were very important in the history of life because they

a. Produced the oxygen in the atmosphere.

b. Are the oldest-known archaea.

c. Were the first multicellular organisms.

d. Showed that life could evolve around deep-sea vents.

Which of the following groups of amino acid residues would likely be found in the portion that crosses the lipid bilayer?

a. Acidic

b. Basic

c. Polar uncharged

d. Nonpolar