Multiple Choice
During which cellular condition does the process of fermentation occur?
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8. Respiration
Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration
Multiple Choice
In which of the steps of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?
A
In glycolysis only.
B
In the Krebs cycle only.
C
In the electron transport chain only.
D
In both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
E
In both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of substrate-level phosphorylation: It is a type of phosphorylation where a phosphate group is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP, forming ATP, without the involvement of the electron transport chain.
Identify the stages of cellular respiration: Aerobic respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain. Anaerobic respiration primarily involves glycolysis.
Examine glycolysis: During glycolysis, substrate-level phosphorylation occurs when a phosphate group is transferred from a high-energy substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP. This happens twice per glucose molecule.
Analyze the Krebs cycle: Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in the Krebs cycle during the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate, where a phosphate group is transferred to GDP (or ADP) to form GTP (or ATP).
Consider the electron transport chain: This stage involves oxidative phosphorylation, not substrate-level phosphorylation, as ATP is generated through the movement of electrons and the creation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane.
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