Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

15. Gene Expression

Introduction to Transcription

General Biology

15. Gene Expression

Introduction to Transcription

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1:50 minutes

Problem 1

Textbook Question

What does a bacterial RNA polymerase produce when it transcribes a protein-coding gene?a. rRNAb. tRNAc. mRNAd. snRNA

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the function of RNA polymerase in bacteria, which is to synthesize RNA from a DNA template.

Understand the different types of RNA that can be produced: rRNA (ribosomal RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), mRNA (messenger RNA), and snRNA (small nuclear RNA).

Recognize that the question specifically asks about the transcription of a protein-coding gene.

Recall that mRNA is the type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Conclude that the RNA polymerase produces mRNA when it transcribes a protein-coding gene.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Transcription

Transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. In this process, RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA and unwinds the double helix, allowing it to read the gene's coding sequence. The result of transcription is the formation of a complementary RNA strand, which can then be processed and translated into a protein.

Types of RNA

There are several types of RNA produced in cells, each serving distinct functions. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis, while transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) play roles in translating that information into proteins. Understanding these types is crucial for grasping how genes are expressed and proteins are made.

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Bacterial RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template in prokaryotic cells. Unlike eukaryotic cells, bacteria have a single type of RNA polymerase that transcribes all types of RNA, including mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. This enzyme initiates transcription at specific promoter regions and is essential for gene expression in bacteria.