Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

50. Population Ecology

Introduction to Population Ecology

General Biology

50. Population Ecology

Introduction to Population Ecology

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3:11 minutes

Problem 9

Textbook Question

Which of the following statements about human populations in industrialized countries is correct?
a. Birth rates and death rates are high
b. Average family size is relatively large
c. The population has undergone the demographic transition
d. The survivorship curve is Type II

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of demographic transition: This refers to the shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country industrializes and develops economically. Industrialized countries typically experience this transition.

Review the characteristics of populations in industrialized countries: These populations generally have lower birth rates and death rates due to improved healthcare, education, and access to resources.

Analyze the survivorship curve types: Type II survivorship curves represent populations with a constant death rate across all age groups, which is not typical for industrialized human populations. Instead, industrialized populations often exhibit a Type I curve, where most individuals live to old age.

Evaluate average family size: In industrialized countries, average family size tends to be smaller due to factors like access to contraception, economic considerations, and cultural shifts.

Compare the options provided: Based on the above analysis, identify the statement that aligns with the characteristics of human populations in industrialized countries. The correct answer is likely related to the demographic transition.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Demographic Transition

The demographic transition model describes the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country develops. This process typically occurs in four stages: pre-industrial, transitional, industrial, and post-industrial. In industrialized countries, populations have usually moved to the later stages, characterized by lower birth rates and longer life expectancy.

Survivorship Curves

Survivorship curves are graphical representations that show the number of individuals surviving at each age for a given species. Type II curves indicate a constant mortality rate throughout an organism's life, typical of species that experience similar death rates regardless of age. This contrasts with Type I (high survival in early life) and Type III (high mortality in early life) curves.

Population Characteristics in Industrialized Countries

In industrialized countries, populations typically exhibit low birth rates and low death rates, leading to stable or slowly growing populations. Average family sizes tend to be smaller due to various social and economic factors, including access to education and family planning. Understanding these characteristics is essential for analyzing population dynamics and their implications for society.

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The current carrying capacity of Earth for the human population may have been inflated by

a. Demographic momentum

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Which of the following statements about human populations in industrialized countries is incorrect?

a. Birth rates and death rates are high.

b. Average family size is relatively small.

c. The population has undergone the demographic transition.

d. The survivorship curve is Type I.

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Textbook Question

According to data on ecological footprints

a. The carrying capacity of the world is 10 billion

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Demographic momentum refers to the tendency for

a. Low population growth rates to continue to decline

b. High population growth rates to continue to increase

c. Populations to continue to grow in number even when growth rates reach zero

d. Populations to continue to grow in number even when women are reducing the number of children they bear

e. Women to continue to have children even though they no longer wish to

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