Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

38. Animal Form and Function

Thermoregulation

General Biology

38. Animal Form and Function

Thermoregulation

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2:48 minutes

Problem 14

Textbook Question

You are in a room of empty chairs. As the chairs fill with people, you become hotter and hotter. A ceiling fan is turned on, and you feel cooler. You gained heat by _ and lost heat to the environment by _ .
a. Conduction … convection
b. Radiation … convection
c. Radiation … conduction
d. Convection … radiation

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the mechanisms of heat transfer. Heat can be gained or lost through conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves direct contact, convection involves the movement of fluids or air, and radiation involves heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

Step 2: Analyze how heat is gained in the scenario. As the chairs fill with people, you are surrounded by their body heat. Humans emit heat primarily through radiation, which is the transfer of heat via infrared waves.

Step 3: Examine how heat is lost in the scenario. When the ceiling fan is turned on, it creates airflow. This airflow facilitates convection, which is the transfer of heat through the movement of air or fluid, cooling your body.

Step 4: Match the mechanisms of heat transfer to the options provided. Heat is gained by radiation and lost by convection, which corresponds to option b.

Step 5: Confirm your understanding by reviewing the definitions of radiation and convection to ensure they align with the described scenario.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Heat Transfer Mechanisms

Heat transfer occurs through three primary mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials, while convection involves the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) that carry heat away from a surface. Radiation, on the other hand, is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, allowing heat to travel through a vacuum.

Conduction

Conduction is the process by which heat energy is transferred through direct contact between materials. When two objects at different temperatures touch, heat flows from the hotter object to the cooler one until thermal equilibrium is reached. This mechanism is significant in solids, where particles are closely packed and can easily transfer kinetic energy.

Convection

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, which can be either natural or forced. In natural convection, warmer, less dense fluid rises while cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a circulation pattern that transfers heat. Forced convection occurs when an external force, like a fan, moves the fluid, enhancing heat transfer and cooling effects, as experienced with the ceiling fan in the scenario.

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Textbook Question

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?