AP® biology unit 6 practice test Flashcards
AP® biology unit 6 practice test
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence What is the function of tRNA?
Transfers amino acids to the ribosome What is the purpose of a promoter in transcription?
Initiates transcription by binding RNA polymerase What is the difference between introns and exons?
Introns are non-coding regions; exons are coding regions What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
Site of protein synthesis What is a codon?
A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid What is the function of DNA polymerase?
Synthesizes new DNA strands What is the significance of the genetic code being universal?
Same codons specify the same amino acids in all organisms What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template What is a frameshift mutation?
Insertion or deletion of nucleotides that alters the reading frame What is the function of a spliceosome?
Removes introns from pre-mRNA What is the role of the anticodon in tRNA?
Pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA What is the function of a start codon?
Signals the start of translation What is the role of a stop codon?
Signals the end of translation What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription is DNA to RNA; translation is RNA to protein What is the function of a poly-A tail in mRNA?
Stabilizes mRNA and aids in export from the nucleus What is the role of enhancers in gene expression?
Increase the transcription of specific genes