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Active Transport definitions Flashcards

Active Transport definitions
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  • Active Transport
    The process of moving molecules against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration, requiring energy, typically from ATP or another molecule's gradient.
  • Primary Active Transport
    Transport of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy directly from ATP hydrolysis.
  • Atp Hydrolysis
    The process of breaking down ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy used for cellular activities.
  • Secondary Active Transport
    Transport of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from the gradient of another molecule, not directly from ATP.
  • Concentration Gradient
    The difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions, driving passive transport from high to low concentration and requiring energy for active transport from low to high concentration.
  • Simple Diffusion
    Movement of solute particles from high to low concentration without energy input, driven solely by the concentration gradient.
  • Sodium Potassium Pump
    A membrane protein that uses ATP to transport 3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions into the cell, maintaining electrochemical gradients essential for cellular functions.
  • Antiporter
    A transport protein that moves two different molecules in opposite directions across a membrane, using the concentration gradient of one molecule to drive the movement of the other.
  • Solute
    A substance dissolved in a solvent, forming a solution, and typically present in a lesser amount than the solvent.
  • Membrane Transport
    The process by which molecules move across a cell membrane, either passively without energy or actively with energy, often against their concentration gradient.
  • Ion
    An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
  • Energy
    The capacity to perform work or cause change, often derived from ATP hydrolysis, enabling processes like active transport against concentration gradients.
  • Molecule
    A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
  • Transport Protein
    Proteins that facilitate the movement of molecules across cell membranes, often against concentration gradients, using energy from ATP or other sources.