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Central Dogma quiz #4 Flashcards

Central Dogma quiz #4
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  • Which of the following refers to the RNA-to-protein step in the expression of genes?
    Translation refers to the RNA-to-protein step in gene expression.
  • Why does DNA have to put some of its information into RNA molecules?
    DNA transfers information to RNA molecules to facilitate protein synthesis, as RNA can travel to the ribosome where proteins are made.
  • How are DNA and RNA similar? How are they different?
    Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids composed of nucleotides, but DNA is double-stranded and stable, while RNA is single-stranded and more reactive.
  • How does DNA influence the synthesis of lipids?
    DNA indirectly influences lipid synthesis by encoding proteins, such as enzymes, that are involved in lipid metabolism.
  • Why does the information in DNA have to be copied onto RNA?
    The information in DNA is copied onto RNA to facilitate protein synthesis, as RNA can be translated into proteins.
  • What is the role of RNA in the production of proteins?
    RNA plays a crucial role in protein production by carrying genetic information (mRNA), bringing amino acids (tRNA), and forming the core of ribosomes (rRNA).
  • What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
    The central dogma of molecular biology describes the unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA (via transcription) and then from RNA to protein (via translation).
  • What is transcription in the context of the central dogma?
    Transcription is the process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized using DNA as a template.
  • Why is the flow of genetic information described as unidirectional in the central dogma?
    It is unidirectional because genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein and cannot flow backward from protein to nucleic acids.
  • Can proteins be used to create DNA or RNA according to the central dogma?
    No, according to the central dogma, information cannot flow from protein back to DNA or RNA.
  • How does DNA replication differ from transcription?
    DNA replication is the process of copying DNA to produce more DNA, while transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
  • Is the conversion of nucleic acid information to protein reversible?
    No, once nucleic acid information is converted to protein, the process is irreversible and cannot revert back to nucleic acids.