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Chemiosmosis quiz #2 Flashcards

Chemiosmosis quiz #2
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  • What is the source of energy that directly drives ATP synthase in its production of ATP?
    The source of energy is the movement of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane.
  • ATP is synthesized in plant cells by chemiosmosis in which of the following processes: photosynthesis, glycolysis, fermentation, or oxidative phosphorylation?
    ATP is synthesized by chemiosmosis during oxidative phosphorylation.
  • What enzyme uses the energy of a proton gradient to add a phosphate to ADP?
    The enzyme ATP synthase uses the energy of a proton gradient to add a phosphate to ADP.
  • Which of the following metabolic pathways requires a proton gradient: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, or fermentation?
    The electron transport chain requires a proton gradient.
  • Which metabolic pathway uses a proton motive force to generate ATP but does not require oxygen: glycolysis, fermentation, anaerobic respiration, or photosynthesis?
    Anaerobic respiration uses a proton motive force to generate ATP without requiring oxygen.
  • What kinds of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis?
    Both plant and animal cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis.
  • What is the role of the electron transport chain in chemiosmosis?
    The electron transport chain builds a hydrogen ion concentration gradient that powers ATP synthesis.
  • How does ATP synthase facilitate chemiosmosis?
    ATP synthase allows hydrogen ions to diffuse down their concentration gradient, powering the conversion of ADP to ATP.
  • What is the relationship between oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis?
    Oxidative phosphorylation includes chemiosmosis, where the hydrogen ion gradient powers ATP production.
  • What is the significance of the hydrogen ion concentration gradient in chemiosmosis?
    The hydrogen ion concentration gradient provides the potential energy needed to drive ATP synthesis.
  • What is chemiosmosis and how does it contribute to ATP production in cells?
    Chemiosmosis is the diffusion of hydrogen ions across a semipermeable membrane, driven by a concentration gradient established by the electron transport chain. This process powers ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, providing energy for the cell.
  • How is the hydrogen ion concentration gradient established during cellular respiration?
    The electron transport chain uses energy from electrons transferred by NADH and FADH2 to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space, creating a high concentration of hydrogen ions outside the mitochondrial matrix.
  • Why is chemiosmosis considered essential for aerobic cellular respiration?
    Chemiosmosis is essential because it generates most of the ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration by harnessing the energy stored in the hydrogen ion gradient.
  • Describe the direction of hydrogen ion movement during chemiosmosis in mitochondria.
    During chemiosmosis, hydrogen ions move from the intermembrane space, where their concentration is high, into the mitochondrial matrix, where their concentration is lower, through ATP synthase.
  • How do NADH and FADH2 contribute to the process of chemiosmosis?
    NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which uses the energy from these electrons to pump hydrogen ions and establish the gradient needed for chemiosmosis.