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Dideoxy Sequencing quiz #1 Flashcards

Dideoxy Sequencing quiz #1
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  • What is the first component needed in a dideoxy sequencing reaction?
    The first component needed is the unknown template DNA of interest.
  • What enzyme is essential for DNA replication in dideoxy sequencing?
    DNA polymerase is essential for DNA replication in dideoxy sequencing.
  • What role do DNA primers play in dideoxy sequencing?
    DNA primers anneal to the template strand to initiate DNA synthesis.
  • Which four normal deoxyribonucleotides are required in dideoxy sequencing?
    The four normal deoxyribonucleotides required are DATP, DTTP, DGTP, and DCTP.
  • What is the function of dideoxyribonucleotides (ddNTPs) in dideoxy sequencing?
    Dideoxyribonucleotides (ddNTPs) terminate DNA synthesis by incorporating a 3' hydrogen group.
  • How many separate reactions are set up in the first step of chain termination PCR?
    Four separate reactions are set up, each containing a different ddNTP.
  • What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in dideoxy sequencing?
    Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size to determine the DNA sequence.
  • How is the DNA sequence read from a gel in dideoxy sequencing?
    The DNA sequence is read from bottom to top across all lanes to reveal the complementary sequence from 5' to 3'.
  • What is the complementary base pairing rule used to determine the mystery DNA sequence?
    T pairs with A, G pairs with C, A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
  • What is the alternative method to manually analyzing the gel in dideoxy sequencing?
    The alternative method is using a computer to generate a chromatogram.
  • What is the relationship between the number of genes and genome size in prokaryotes?
    In prokaryotes, the number of genes and genome size have a linear relationship.
  • What is lateral gene transfer and how does it occur?
    Lateral gene transfer is the transfer of genes between organisms through methods other than reproduction, such as transformation.
  • What is synteny and why is it important in evolutionary biology?
    Synteny refers to conserved arrangements of DNA in related genomes, useful for determining evolutionary relationships.
  • What is exon shuffling and how does it affect proteins?
    Exon shuffling rearranges exons within a gene, potentially leading to novel proteins or new functions for existing proteins.
  • What is the significance of most mutations in the context of evolution?
    Most mutations are not beneficial, but rare beneficial mutations can increase an organism's fitness.