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DNA Fingerprinting definitions Flashcards

DNA Fingerprinting definitions
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  • DNA Fingerprinting
    A technique using unique genetic markers to identify individuals by analyzing variations in their DNA sequences, often used in forensic science and paternity testing.
  • Genetic Markers
    Sequences of DNA with known locations that vary between individuals, used to identify genetic differences.
  • Genome
    The complete set of an organism's DNA, including all of its genes and non-coding sequences, which contains the instructions for growth, development, and functioning.
  • Polymorphisms
    Variations in DNA sequences among individuals, often used as genetic markers for identification, such as single nucleotide differences (SNPs).
  • Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
    Variations in a single DNA nucleotide that occur at specific positions in the genome, differing between individuals and used as genetic markers for identification.
  • Snps
    Genetic markers differing by a single nucleotide in DNA sequences between individuals, used for identification in DNA fingerprinting.
  • Alleles
    Variants of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome, influencing specific traits.
  • Base Pair
    A pair of complementary nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule, held together by hydrogen bonds, forming the rungs of the DNA double helix.
  • Short Tandem Repeats
    Repeating DNA sequences of 2-6 base pairs used in genetic profiling to distinguish individuals based on the number of repeat units.
  • Gel Electrophoresis
    A technique to separate DNA fragments by size using an electric field applied to a gel matrix, allowing for the analysis of genetic markers.