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Endosymbiotic Theory quiz #3 Flashcards

Endosymbiotic Theory quiz #3
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  • Which of the following statements does not provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
    A statement claiming mitochondria and chloroplasts have linear DNA does not provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory.
  • What evidence supports the theory of endosymbiosis?
    Evidence includes similarities in DNA structure, ribosome type, and replication methods between mitochondria/chloroplasts and prokaryotes.
  • What does the endosymbiotic theory propose?
    The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from independent bacteria engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell.
  • What were the ancestors of mitochondria according to the endosymbiotic theory?
    According to the endosymbiotic theory, the ancestors of mitochondria were aerobic bacteria.
  • Which theory proposes how the first eukaryotic cells evolved?
    The endosymbiotic theory proposes how the first eukaryotic cells evolved.
  • The mitochondria and chloroplasts appear to have originated from what?
    Mitochondria and chloroplasts appear to have originated from aerobic and photosynthetic bacteria, respectively.
  • Which cellular organelle is thought to have evolved from a prokaryote that was able to use oxygen?
    The mitochondrion is thought to have evolved from a prokaryote that was able to use oxygen.
  • What does the cell endosymbiotic theory provide?
    The cell endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of eukaryotic cells and their organelles.
  • Which is part of the endosymbiont theory?
    Part of the endosymbiont theory includes the engulfment of bacteria by an ancestral eukaryotic cell.
  • What is endosymbiotic theory?
    The endosymbiotic theory posits that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from independent bacteria engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell.
  • According to the theory of endosymbiosis, what process led to the formation of eukaryotic cells?
    According to the theory of endosymbiosis, the engulfment of bacteria by an ancestral eukaryotic cell led to the formation of eukaryotic cells.
  • Before endosymbiosis could occur, what condition was necessary for the host cell?
    Before endosymbiosis could occur, the host cell needed to be anaerobic, lacking the ability to utilize oxygen.
  • What does the Endosymbiotic Theory propose about the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?
    The Endosymbiotic Theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from independent bacteria that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell, eventually evolving into organelles.
  • What type of bacterium is thought to have given rise to chloroplasts in plant cells?
    A photosynthetic cyanobacterium is thought to have given rise to chloroplasts.
  • What mutual benefits did the host cell and the engulfed bacterium provide each other in the endosymbiotic relationship?
    The host cell gained the ability to use oxygen for metabolism, while the engulfed bacterium received protection.
  • How do mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate, and why is this significant?
    They replicate by binary fission, which is characteristic of prokaryotes, supporting their bacterial origin.
  • Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes, and how does this support the Endosymbiotic Theory?
    They have two membranes because the outer membrane was acquired during engulfment, supporting the theory of endosymbiosis.
  • Why are mitochondria and chloroplasts not considered independent bacteria today?
    They are not independent because they have lost many genes and functions, making them dependent on the host cell.
  • How does the presence of both mitochondria and chloroplasts distinguish plant cells from animal cells?
    Plant cells contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts, while animal cells contain only mitochondria.
  • How does the Endosymbiotic Theory explain the origin of eukaryotic organelles?
    It explains that certain organelles originated from prokaryotic cells that were engulfed and became symbiotic within a host cell, eventually evolving into organelles.