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Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration quiz #3 Flashcards

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration quiz #3
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  • During fermentation in yeast, what is pyruvate converted into?
    During fermentation in yeast, pyruvate is converted into ethanol.
  • What is the source of ATP produced during fermentation?
    The source of ATP produced during fermentation is glycolysis.
  • Which of the following is not true regarding lactic acid build up: It occurs during intense exercise, it is a result of aerobic respiration, it can cause muscle fatigue, or it is a product of fermentation?
    It is not true that lactic acid build-up is a result of aerobic respiration.
  • What is fermentation and when does it occur in aerobic organisms?
    Fermentation is a process that allows glycolysis to continue producing a small amount of ATP when oxygen is absent, by regenerating NAD+ from NADH.
  • What is the main product of lactic acid fermentation in human muscle cells?
    The main product is lactic acid (or lactate).
  • What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation?
    Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid, while alcohol fermentation produces ethanol; both regenerate NAD+ but have different end products.
  • Which organisms commonly use lactic acid fermentation?
    Human muscle cells and certain bacteria, such as those used in yogurt production.
  • How much ATP is produced per glucose molecule during fermentation?
    Fermentation allows glycolysis to produce 2 ATP molecules per glucose.
  • What is anaerobic respiration?
    Anaerobic respiration is a process where organisms generate ATP without oxygen by using alternative final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain.
  • How does the ATP yield of anaerobic respiration compare to fermentation and aerobic respiration?
    Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than fermentation but less than aerobic respiration.
  • How does fermentation help prevent the buildup of NADH?
    Fermentation uses NADH to reduce pyruvate, regenerating NAD+ and allowing glycolysis to continue.
  • Why does lactic acid fermentation occur in muscle cells during intense exercise?
    Because oxygen becomes limited, so cells switch to lactic acid fermentation to continue producing ATP.
  • What is the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation?
    Pyruvate is reduced to ethanol and carbon dioxide.
  • How does the process of anaerobic respiration differ from fermentation?
    Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with alternative electron acceptors, while fermentation does not use an electron transport chain.
  • What is the final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation?
    Pyruvate acts as the final electron acceptor, being reduced to lactic acid.
  • Why does fermentation produce less ATP than anaerobic respiration?
    Fermentation only uses glycolysis for ATP production, while anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain, generating more ATP.
  • What is the main purpose of regenerating NAD+ during fermentation?
    To allow glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
  • What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
    Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses alternative acceptors like nitrate or sulfate.
  • Can bacteria perform anaerobic respiration?
    Yes, many bacteria can use alternative electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration.
  • What is the relationship between glycolysis and fermentation?
    Fermentation follows glycolysis when oxygen is absent, allowing glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+.
  • What is the significance of alternative electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration?
    They enable the electron transport chain to function and produce ATP without oxygen.