Fungi quiz #3 Flashcards
Fungi quiz #3
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Which feature seen in chytrids supports the hypothesis that they diverged early in fungal evolution?
Chytrids have flagellated spores, a feature suggesting an early divergence in fungal evolution. What makes up the cell wall of a fungus?
Chitin makes up the cell wall of a fungus. What is the primary component of fungal cell walls?
The primary component of fungal cell walls is chitin. In both lichens and mycorrhizae, what is the role of fungi?
In both lichens and mycorrhizae, fungi provide structural support and aid in water and nutrient absorption. What do fungi have in common with plants?
Both fungi and plants have cell walls, although their compositions differ. What do plants and fungi have in common?
Both plants and fungi have cell walls, but plants have cellulose while fungi have chitin. Which characteristic distinguishes plants from fungi?
Plants are autotrophic and have cellulose cell walls, while fungi are heterotrophic with chitinous cell walls. Which of the following best explains a characteristic that differentiates fungi from animals? A) Fungi have cell walls B) Fungi are autotrophic C) Fungi perform photosynthesis D) Fungi have chloroplasts
A) Fungi have cell walls Which of the following are characteristics of fungi? A) Autotrophic B) Chitinous cell walls C) Photosynthetic D) Multicellular
B) Chitinous cell walls and D) Multicellular Where would hydrophilic types of fungi most likely be found?
Hydrophilic fungi are likely found in moist environments where water is readily available. Which of the following describes a similarity between fungi and arthropods?
Both fungi and arthropods have chitin in their structures; fungi in cell walls and arthropods in exoskeletons. Which structure would you not find in a fungus? A) Chloroplast B) Hyphae C) Mycelium D) Chitinous cell wall
A) Chloroplast How are animals different from fungi?
Animals are heterotrophic and lack cell walls, while fungi are heterotrophic with chitinous cell walls. What fungal structure functions in absorbing nutrients from the environment?
Hyphae function in absorbing nutrients from the environment in fungi. Organisms that may have cell walls composed of cellulose or chitin include which of the following? A) Plants B) Fungi C) Animals D) Bacteria
A) Plants and B) Fungi What is the basic structural unit for a fungus called?
The basic structural unit for a fungus is called a hypha. Which characteristic distinguishes plants from fungi? All members of the kingdom Plantae–
All members of the kingdom Plantae are autotrophic and have cellulose cell walls, unlike fungi. Which of the answer choices is an example of a mutualistic association involving a fungus? A) Lichen B) Parasitic infection C) Saprophytic decomposition D) Fungal spore formation
A) Lichen What two organisms make up mycorrhizae? Explain how each benefit from this relationship.
Mycorrhizae consist of fungi and plant roots. Fungi enhance nutrient and water absorption for the plant, while the plant provides organic compounds to the fungi. Fungi cannot make their own food through photosynthesis. How do they take in nutrients?
Fungi absorb nutrients through extracellular digestion, secreting enzymes to break down organic matter. Which organism is a decomposer? A) Fungi B) Plants C) Animals D) Algae
A) Fungi Are all fungi prokaryotes?
No, all fungi are eukaryotes. Mycorrhizae are associations between fungi and which of the following? A) Animal cells B) Plant roots C) Bacterial cells D) Algal cells
B) Plant roots Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga?
Lichen is an example of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga. Which characteristic makes fungi similar to plants?
Both fungi and plants have cell walls, although their compositions differ. Which of the following is true about all members of the kingdom Fungi? All fungi –
All fungi are heterotrophic and have chitinous cell walls. Which feature does not contribute to the ability of a fungus to acquire nutrients?
Chloroplasts do not contribute to the ability of a fungus to acquire nutrients, as fungi do not perform photosynthesis. What are fungi and what role do they play in ecosystems?
Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes that act as main decomposers in ecosystems, breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients. What is the primary structural component of fungal cell walls, and what is its significance?
Fungal cell walls are primarily composed of chitin, a tough, resilient polymer that provides structural support and protection. What is the difference between hyphae and mycelium in fungi?
Hyphae are individual filamentous structures, while mycelium is the collective mass of interwoven hyphae that makes up the main body of a fungus. What is a saprophyte, and how does it differ from a parasitic fungus?
A saprophyte is a fungus that feeds on dead organic matter, while a parasitic fungus feeds on living organisms, often causing disease. Describe the structure and function of haustoria in parasitic fungi.
Haustoria are specialized hyphae that penetrate host plant cells to extract nutrients, aiding parasitic fungi in feeding. How do lichen represent a mutualistic relationship involving fungi?
Lichen are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner (algae or cyanobacteria), where the fungus provides protection and water, and the partner supplies organic nutrients via photosynthesis. Why are fungi considered heterotrophic organisms?
Fungi are heterotrophic because they obtain their nutrients by absorbing organic matter from other organisms rather than producing their own food via photosynthesis. How do fungi contribute to plant health in terrestrial ecosystems?
Fungi, especially mycorrhizal fungi, enhance plant nutrient and water uptake, improving plant growth and survival. How do facultative and obligate symbiotic relationships differ in fungi?
Obligate symbiotic fungi must live in association with another organism to survive, while facultative symbiotic fungi can survive independently but benefit from symbiosis. Why are fungi able to decompose materials like cellulose and lignin that many other organisms cannot?
Fungi produce specialized enzymes capable of breaking down tough plant materials like cellulose and lignin, which most animals cannot digest. How do endophytes benefit the plants they inhabit?
Endophytes are symbiotic fungi living inside plants that can enhance plant growth, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. How do fungi interact with animal digestive systems?
Some fungi live in animal guts, helping break down plant material by digesting cellulose and lignin, aiding animal digestion. Why are fungi essential for the survival of most land plants?
Fungi form mycorrhizal associations with plant roots, greatly improving the plants' ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
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