Skip to main content
Pearson+ LogoPearson+ Logo

Fungi quiz #4 Flashcards

Fungi quiz #4
Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/12
  • Describe the mutualistic relationship between fungi and plants known as mycorrhizae.
    Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations where fungal hyphae interact with plant roots, enhancing the plant's nutrient and water absorption while the fungus receives organic compounds from the plant.
  • How do fungi obtain nutrients from their environment?
    Fungi perform extracellular digestion by secreting enzymes into their environment to break down complex molecules, then absorb the resulting nutrients through their hyphae.
  • Explain the ecological importance of fungi in the carbon cycle.
    Fungi decompose cellulose and lignin in plant material, returning carbon to the environment and maintaining the carbon cycle.
  • What is mycosis and which organisms can be affected by it?
    Mycosis is a fungal infection that can affect both plants and animals.
  • What is the role of yeasts in human food production?
    Yeasts are unicellular fungi essential for fermentation processes, such as making bread and beer.
  • What is the difference between ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular (endomycorrhizal) fungi?
    Ectomycorrhizae form around the outside of plant root cells without penetrating them, while arbuscular (endomycorrhizal) fungi penetrate into the root cells.
  • What is the function of septa in fungal hyphae?
    Septa are cross-walls that divide hyphae into individual cells, allowing the passage of nutrients and organelles between cells.
  • What is the significance of chitin in both fungi and insects?
    Chitin provides structural strength and resilience in fungal cell walls and insect exoskeletons, making them tough and resistant to decomposition.
  • What is extracellular digestion and how is it performed by fungi?
    Extracellular digestion is the process where fungi secrete enzymes outside their bodies to break down complex substances, then absorb the simpler nutrients.
  • What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular fungi, and give an example of each.
    Unicellular fungi, like yeast, consist of single cells, while multicellular fungi, like mushrooms, are composed of many hyphae forming a mycelium.
  • What is the role of fungi in returning carbon to the environment?
    Fungi decompose plant material, releasing carbon back into the atmosphere and soil, thus maintaining the carbon cycle.
  • What is the significance of the mutualistic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms in lichen?
    The mutualism allows lichen to colonize harsh environments, as the fungus provides structure and moisture while the photosynthetic partner supplies food.