Introduction to Transcription quiz #5 Flashcards
Introduction to Transcription quiz #5
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Which statement about transcription and translation in eukaryotes is correct? A) Both occur in the nucleus B) Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm C) Both occur in the cytoplasm D) Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus
B) Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm Which of the following are two types of transcription factors? A) General and specific B) Primary and secondary C) Major and minor D) Alpha and beta
A) General and specific How many RNA polymerases do eukaryotes have?
Eukaryotes have three RNA polymerases: RNA polymerase I, II, and III. Which components are needed for the expression phase of the CRISPR-Cas system?
The components needed include the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and the Cas protein. What is the first step during transcription initiation in prokaryotes?
The first step is the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region. During which process is mRNA synthesized from a DNA template with the aid of RNA polymerase?
mRNA is synthesized during the process of transcription. Which of the following is true about promoter sequences? A) They are identical in all organisms B) They are specific to each gene C) They are not required for transcription D) They are only found in eukaryotes
B) They are specific to each gene Which of the following is not true of overlapping reading frames? A) They can encode multiple proteins B) They are common in eukaryotic genes C) They can lead to different protein products D) They are found in some viral genomes
B) They are common in eukaryotic genes What is the main function of RNA polymerase?
The main function of RNA polymerase is to synthesize RNA from a DNA template. What is the name of the enzyme complex that is responsible for synthesis of RNA?
The enzyme complex responsible for RNA synthesis is RNA polymerase. A prokaryotic promoter is shown. Where does transcription start?
Transcription starts at the transcription initiation site, just downstream of the promoter. What types of genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III?
RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA, 5S rRNA, and other small RNAs. What does the promoter do?
The promoter serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription. Which enzyme transcribes DNA into RNA?
RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into RNA. Which best describes a difference between transcription and DNA replication? A) Both processes synthesize nucleic acids B) Transcription uses RNA polymerase, while replication uses DNA polymerase C) Both occur in the cytoplasm D) Both require a primer
B) Transcription uses RNA polymerase, while replication uses DNA polymerase What is transcription in the context of gene expression?
Transcription is the process where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template, beginning at the promoter and ending at the terminator. What is the function of the promoter region in a gene?
The promoter is a DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene?
RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to the promoter region to start transcription. What is the difference between the coding strand and the template strand in transcription?
The template strand is used by RNA polymerase to synthesize RNA, while the coding strand has the same sequence as the RNA (except T is replaced by U). What is the significance of the terms 'upstream' and 'downstream' in relation to a gene?
'Upstream' refers to DNA sequences before the gene (opposite transcription direction), while 'downstream' refers to sequences after the gene (same direction as transcription). What is a gene in the context of transcription?
A gene is a segment of DNA that includes a promoter, coding sequence, and terminator, encoding a product such as a protein. What happens to the DNA coding sequence during transcription?
The coding sequence is transcribed into a complementary RNA sequence. What are the main components of a gene involved in transcription?
The main components are the promoter, coding sequence, and terminator. What is the product of transcription?
The product of transcription is an RNA molecule, typically mRNA. What are Watson and Crick base pairing rules as applied to transcription?
A pairs with U (in RNA), and C pairs with G during transcription. What is the function of mRNA produced during transcription?
mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. How does the sequence of mRNA compare to the DNA coding strand?
The mRNA sequence is complementary to the template strand and nearly identical to the coding strand, except U replaces T. What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and synthesizes RNA from the DNA template. What does 'downstream' mean in the context of transcription?
'Downstream' refers to DNA sequences located in the same direction as transcription, after the gene. What is the significance of the terminator in transcription?
The terminator signals RNA polymerase to stop transcription and release the RNA molecule. What is the directionality of RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase?
RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5' to 3' direction. What is the role of the coding strand during transcription?
The coding strand has the same sequence as the RNA (except T is replaced by U), but it is not used as the template. How does the process of transcription contribute to protein synthesis?
Transcription creates mRNA, which is then translated into a protein. What is the importance of the promoter and terminator in defining a gene?
The promoter and terminator define the start and end points of a gene for transcription. What is the difference between the direction of transcription and the direction of the DNA template strand?
Transcription proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction, using the 3' to 5' DNA template strand. What is the overall purpose of transcription in the cell?
The purpose of transcription is to produce RNA copies of genes for protein synthesis.
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