Introduction to Translation quiz #5 Flashcards
Introduction to Translation quiz #5
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How does the initiation phase of translation differ between eukaryotic and bacterial species?
In eukaryotes, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the 5' cap of mRNA, while in bacteria, it binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Which step occurs in the A site of the ribosome during translation?
In the A site, a charged tRNA carrying an amino acid binds to the mRNA codon. Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes. What happens when a stop codon is encountered in the mRNA?
When a stop codon is encountered, translation terminates, and the polypeptide is released. Which of the following statements are true of bacterial translation?
Bacterial translation can occur simultaneously with transcription in the cytoplasm. Translation occurs in which area of the cell?
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. What is the benefit of protein synthesis in polyribosomes?
Polyribosomes allow for the simultaneous synthesis of multiple copies of a protein from a single mRNA. What is the function of tRNA molecules during translation?
tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome and match their anticodons with mRNA codons. Which of the following is not involved in the initiation of translation?
DNA is not involved in the initiation of translation. Translation occurs when the mRNA is translated into what?
Translation occurs when the mRNA is translated into a protein. Where in the cell does translation occur?
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Which of the following statements about translational initiation in bacteria is true?
In bacteria, translational initiation involves the binding of the ribosome to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA. Which is produced by translation?
Proteins are produced by translation. Which factor hydrolyzes GTP to provide energy for translocation in bacterial translation?
Elongation factor G hydrolyzes GTP to provide energy for translocation in bacterial translation. Which of the following statements best describes the ribosome binding site on the mRNA?
The ribosome binding site on the mRNA is where the ribosome initially binds to start translation. Where does the process of translation occur?
The process of translation occurs in the cytoplasm. An aminoacyl-tRNA that enters the A site of the ribosome will next occupy which site?
An aminoacyl-tRNA that enters the A site will next occupy the P site. Translation requires what organelle?
Translation requires the ribosome. When translation ends
When translation ends, the newly synthesized polypeptide is released from the ribosome. Which of the following describes translation?
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins using mRNA as a template. How does the ribosome know if the entering charged tRNA is correct?
The ribosome knows if the entering charged tRNA is correct by matching the anticodon with the mRNA codon. In the initiation of translation in bacteria
In the initiation of translation in bacteria, the ribosome binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA. In bacterial protein synthesis
In bacterial protein synthesis, translation can occur simultaneously with transcription. Which of these play a part in initiation of translation?
The small ribosomal subunit, mRNA, and initiator tRNA play a part in the initiation of translation. Which process takes place during translation?
During translation, mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize proteins. What is the term for the process in which a protein is synthesized from mRNA at the ribosomes?
The term for the process in which a protein is synthesized from mRNA at the ribosomes is translation. What is translation in the context of molecular biology?
Translation is the process of protein synthesis using mRNA, facilitated by ribosomes and tRNAs. What are the two subunits of a ribosome called?
The two subunits of a ribosome are called the small subunit and the large subunit. What is the size of the complete ribosome in prokaryotes?
The complete ribosome in prokaryotes is 70S. What is the size of the complete ribosome in eukaryotes?
The complete ribosome in eukaryotes is 80S. Do the Svedberg units of ribosomal subunits add up arithmetically to the intact ribosome's S value?
No, the Svedberg units do not add up arithmetically; for example, 50S + 30S does not equal 70S. How many tRNA binding sites are present in a ribosome?
There are three tRNA binding sites in a ribosome. What is the function of the P site in the ribosome?
The P site holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain. What is a 'charged' tRNA?
A charged tRNA is a tRNA molecule attached to an amino acid. In what order do tRNAs move through the ribosomal sites during translation?
tRNAs move from the A site to the P site to the E site. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S (30S + 50S), while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S (40S + 60S). What is the significance of the anticodon on tRNA?
The anticodon on tRNA pairs with the codon on mRNA to ensure correct amino acid incorporation. Why is translation essential for cellular function?
Translation is essential because it produces proteins necessary for cell structure and function. What is the relationship between the codon on mRNA and the anticodon on tRNA?
The codon on mRNA is complementary to the anticodon on tRNA, ensuring correct amino acid addition. How do ribosomal subunits assemble during translation?
The small and large ribosomal subunits come together on the mRNA to form a functional ribosome.
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