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Introduction to Types of RNA quiz #6 Flashcards

Introduction to Types of RNA quiz #6
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  • How is the RNA strand different than DNA?
    RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil, while DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine.
  • What is the role of the tracrRNA in the CRISPR-Cas9 genome defense system?
    tracrRNA helps guide the Cas9 enzyme to the target DNA sequence for cleavage.
  • Which nitrogen base is found only in RNA?
    Uracil is found only in RNA.
  • Which of the following describes a difference between DNA and RNA?
    RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil, while DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine.
  • Which of these features correctly describes a similarity between DNA and RNA?
    Both DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides.
  • Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA?
    RNA contains uracil, whereas DNA contains thymine.
  • Which kind of RNA carries the genetic information for producing a specific polypeptide?
    mRNA carries the genetic information for producing a specific polypeptide.
  • Which of the following best describes a structural difference between DNA and RNA?
    DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.
  • What is a main difference between DNA and RNA?
    DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.
  • How are RNA and DNA similar? How are they different?
    Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids composed of nucleotides, but RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil, while DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine.
  • Which of the following represent functions of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule?
    tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome and pairs its anticodon with mRNA codons.
  • What are the three main types of RNA found in cells, and what is the primary function of each?
    The three main types of RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis; ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which forms the structural core of ribosomes; and transfer RNA (tRNA), which transports amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
  • What are codons, and which type of RNA contains them?
    Codons are three-nucleotide sequences found in mRNA that specify particular amino acids during protein synthesis.
  • How does transfer RNA (tRNA) contribute to translation?
    Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome and matches its anticodon with the codon on mRNA to ensure correct amino acid incorporation during protein synthesis.
  • How do codons and anticodons interact during translation?
    During translation, the anticodon of a tRNA pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain.
  • What structural role does rRNA play in the ribosome?
    rRNA forms the main structural and catalytic components of the ribosome, facilitating the assembly of proteins.
  • What is the relationship between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons?
    mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons are complementary sequences that pair during translation to ensure the correct amino acid is added to the protein.
  • How does tRNA recognize which amino acid to carry?
    tRNA recognizes which amino acid to carry based on its anticodon sequence, which pairs with the corresponding codon on mRNA.
  • Which type of RNA folds into a complex structure to carry amino acids?
    Transfer RNA (tRNA) folds into a complex structure to carry amino acids to the ribosome.
  • What is the function of the ribosome in translation, and which RNA is a major component of it?
    The ribosome facilitates the assembly of amino acids into proteins, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a major structural and functional component of the ribosome.
  • Which type of RNA contains sequences that are complementary to mRNA codons?
    Transfer RNA (tRNA) contains anticodon sequences that are complementary to mRNA codons.
  • Why is rRNA not translated into protein?
    rRNA is not translated into protein because its role is structural and catalytic within the ribosome, not to encode proteins.
  • How does the structure of tRNA enable its function?
    The folded structure of tRNA allows it to bind both an amino acid and the complementary codon on mRNA, facilitating accurate translation.