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Lophotrochozoans quiz #2 Flashcards

Lophotrochozoans quiz #2
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  • What is a lophophore?
    A lophophore is a specialized feeding structure used for suspension feeding, characterized by a crown of cilia that captures food particles from the surrounding water.
  • What are the two main types of organisms that make up the Lophotrochozoans?
    The two main types of organisms that make up the Lophotrochozoans are Lophophorates and Trochophores.
  • What is the function of the trochophore larva's ring of cilia?
    The ring of cilia in trochophore larvae is used for swimming and feeding.
  • What is the primary difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?
    In protostomes, the mouth is the first cavity formed during embryonic development, whereas in deuterostomes, the anus is the first cavity formed.
  • What is the role of the pedicle in brachiopods?
    The pedicle in brachiopods is used to anchor the organism in place by digging into the substrate.
  • How do flatworms perform gas exchange and waste elimination?
    Flatworms perform gas exchange and waste elimination through diffusion across their body surface.
  • What is parthenogenesis in rotifers?
    Parthenogenesis in rotifers is a form of asexual reproduction where females produce unfertilized eggs that develop into more females.
  • What are the three main body parts of mollusks?
    The three main body parts of mollusks are the foot, visceral mass, and mantle.
  • What is the function of the radula in mollusks?
    The radula is a feeding structure that functions like a rasp to break down food.
  • What is unique about the circulatory system of cephalopods compared to other mollusks?
    Cephalopods have a closed circulatory system, unlike other mollusks which typically have an open circulatory system.
  • What are the defining characteristics of Lophotrochozoans, and which major groups are included in this superphylum?
    Lophotrochozoans are a superphylum of invertebrates characterized by bilateral symmetry, being primarily protostomes, and often coelomates. They include organisms with trochophore larvae (with a ring of cilia for movement and feeding) and those with lophophores (specialized structures for suspension feeding). Major groups include mollusks, annelids, flatworms (Platyhelminthes), rotifers, ectoprocts (bryozoans), and brachiopods.
  • What is a lophophore, and which organisms possess this structure?
    A lophophore is a specialized, crown-shaped feeding structure with ciliated tentacles used for suspension feeding. Ectoprocts (bryozoans) and brachiopods possess lophophores.
  • What are the main anatomical features of mollusks, and how do these features vary among different classes such as gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods?
    Mollusks have a foot (for movement), a visceral mass (containing internal organs), and a mantle (which may secrete a shell). Gastropods (snails, slugs) may have shells and use a radula for feeding; bivalves (clams, oysters) have two shells and are suspension feeders without a radula; cephalopods (squid, octopus) have a foot modified into tentacles, a closed circulatory system, and advanced nervous systems.
  • How do annelids differ from other lophotrochozoans, and what are the two main types of annelids?
    Annelids are segmented worms with a true coelom and can live in aquatic or damp terrestrial environments. The two main types are polychaetes (with parapodia and chaetae for movement) and clitellates (such as earthworms and leeches, which are often hermaphroditic).