Natural Selection and Evolution quiz #5 Flashcards
Natural Selection and Evolution quiz #5
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How does stabilizing selection affect genetic diversity within a population?
Stabilizing selection decreases genetic diversity by favoring average traits and reducing extremes. What determines how “fit” an organism is?
An organism's fitness is determined by its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Which of the following is required for natural selection to occur in a population? A) Genetic variation B) Large population size C) Random mating D) Stable environment
A) Genetic variation Darwin's main contribution to biology was which of the following concepts?
Darwin's main contribution to biology was the concept of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Which of the following statements best describes the true nature of natural selection?
Natural selection is the process by which advantageous traits become more common in a population over time. Which of the following is an example of Müllerian mimicry? A) Two poisonous species with similar warning colors B) A harmless snake mimicking a venomous snake C) A moth resembling a leaf D) A rabbit's white tail
A) Two poisonous species with similar warning colors What traits did each species of finch have that helped it survive in its environment?
Each finch species had beak shapes adapted to their specific food sources, aiding in their survival. Why would having the enzyme lactase as an adult be an evolutionary advantage?
Having lactase as an adult allows for the digestion of lactose, providing a nutritional advantage in dairy-consuming cultures. Which observations did Darwin make? Select the three correct statements. A) Variation in species B) Overproduction of offspring C) Stable environments D) Competition for resources
A) Variation in species, B) Overproduction of offspring, D) Competition for resources Which of the following is a structural adaptation? A) Camouflage B) Long neck in giraffes C) Webbed feet in ducks D) All of the above
D) All of the above What is sexual selection?
Sexual selection is a form of natural selection where individuals with certain traits are more likely to attract mates and reproduce. Which of the following is a major disadvantage of inbreeding in natural populations?
A major disadvantage of inbreeding is reduced genetic diversity, which can lead to increased susceptibility to diseases and genetic disorders. Which of these is not an ultimate cause of human mate choice? A) Genetic compatibility B) Physical attractiveness C) Cultural norms D) Random chance
D) Random chance What does it take for a host jump to be successful?
For a host jump to be successful, the organism must adapt to the new host environment and overcome immune defenses. Which evolutionary process produces the variation that natural selection can act upon?
Mutation produces the genetic variation that natural selection can act upon. Which of these conditions must be met in order for selection to act on a population? A) Genetic variation B) Large population size C) Random mating D) Stable environment
A) Genetic variation What is adaptation in the context of biology?
Adaptation is the process that enables organisms to improve their survival and reproduction in their environments. How does adaptation affect an organism's fitness?
Adaptation improves an organism's fitness by increasing its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Who first described the process of natural selection?
Charles Darwin first described the process of natural selection. Why is genetic diversity important for natural selection?
Genetic diversity provides different traits within a population, allowing some individuals to have advantages under certain environmental conditions. How does natural selection lead to adaptation?
Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous traits, leading to an increase in those traits in the population over generations, resulting in adaptation. What happens to individuals with less advantageous traits in natural selection?
Individuals with less advantageous traits are less likely to survive and reproduce, so their traits become less common in the population. What is evolution in biological terms?
Evolution is the change in the DNA of a population over multiple generations. How does evolution contribute to biodiversity?
Evolution leads to the development of new traits and species, increasing the diversity of life forms. What is a selective pressure in natural selection?
A selective pressure is an environmental factor that affects an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. What role does the environment play in natural selection?
The environment determines which traits are advantageous and selects for organisms with those traits. What is meant by 'heritable traits that affect fitness'?
These are genetic traits that influence an organism's survival and reproduction and can be passed to offspring. Why are penguins and polar bears well adapted to cold environments?
They have traits that help them survive and reproduce in cold environments, which have been favored by natural selection. How does the concept of fitness differ in biology compared to everyday language?
In biology, fitness refers to survival and reproduction, not physical strength or athletic ability. What is an example of adaptation in insects?
Some insects have evolved to resemble leaves, helping them avoid predators and increasing their fitness. What happens if a population lacks genetic diversity?
Without genetic diversity, a population may not be able to adapt to changing environments and could be at risk of extinction. Why is it important that traits under selection are heritable?
Only heritable traits can be passed to offspring and become more common in future generations. What is the ultimate outcome of natural selection over many generations?
The population becomes better adapted to its environment as advantageous traits become more common. What is the significance of the phrase 'change in the DNA of a population' in evolution?
It highlights that evolution involves genetic changes that accumulate in populations over time. What is an example of a selective pressure in nature?
Predation, such as birds eating crickets, is a selective pressure that favors traits like camouflage. Why do some traits become more common in a population over time?
Traits that increase fitness are favored by natural selection and become more common as those individuals reproduce more. What is the difference between adaptation and evolution?
Adaptation is the process of becoming better suited to the environment, while evolution is the genetic change in populations over time, often through adaptation. Why is the ability to reproduce important in natural selection?
Only individuals that survive and reproduce can pass their advantageous traits to the next generation. What is meant by 'evolution by natural selection'?
It refers to the process where natural selection causes changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time. What is the role of mutation in natural selection and evolution?
Mutations introduce new genetic variations, some of which may be advantageous and favored by natural selection.
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