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Non-Mendelian Genetics quiz #2

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  • What is an example of a trait that shows polygenic inheritance?
    Polygenic inheritance is represented by traits like human height, which is influenced by multiple genes.
  • What is a nondisjunction?
    Nondisjunction is an error in cell division where chromosomes fail to separate properly, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes.
  • What is an example of polygenic inheritance?
    Human height
  • Which type of traits vary quantitatively due to the interaction of multiple genes?
    Polygenic traits vary quantitatively due to the interaction of multiple genes.
  • Which trait is polygenic in humans?
    Human height is a polygenic trait.
  • What is an example of a phenotype that results from polygenic inheritance?
    Eye color
  • What is an example of a trait that exhibits polygenic inheritance?
    Skin color
  • In maternal effect inheritance, what determines the phenotype of the offspring?
    The phenotype of the offspring is determined by the genotype of the mother.
  • What is an example of a polygenic trait?
    Human height
  • What characterizes extranuclear inheritance?
    Extranuclear inheritance involves genes located outside the nucleus, such as mitochondrial DNA, and is often maternally inherited.
  • What trait in humans is controlled by multiple alleles?
    Blood type
  • Why might polygenic traits vary more in phenotype than do single-gene traits?
    Polygenic traits involve multiple genes, leading to a wider range of phenotypic variation compared to single-gene traits.
  • What are examples of polygenic traits in humans?
    Skin color, eye color, and human height
  • How is polygenic inheritance defined?
    Polygenic inheritance is defined as a single phenotypic trait being influenced by multiple genes.
  • What are examples of other factors that can affect polygenic traits like height and skin color?
    Environmental factors such as nutrition and sun exposure can affect polygenic traits like height and skin color.
  • Which insects follow the haplodiploidy sex determination system?
    Bees, ants, and wasps follow the haplodiploidy sex determination system.
  • What is an example of a polygenic trait in humans?
    Skin color
  • Why might polygenic traits vary more in phenotype than do single-gene traits?
    Polygenic traits involve multiple genes, leading to a broader range of phenotypic outcomes compared to single-gene traits.
  • Which of these statements about heritability is false?
    Heritability indicates the proportion of variation in a trait due to genetic factors, not environmental factors.
  • Which is not a feature of a multifactorial trait?
    Being controlled by a single gene is not a feature of a multifactorial trait.
  • What type of inheritance violates Mendel’s law of independent assortment?
    Linked genes violate Mendel’s law of independent assortment.
  • Which forms of inheritance are determined by more than two alleles?
    Multiple alleles, such as those determining blood type, involve more than two alleles.
  • Which change to the chromosome causes Robertsonian translocation?
    Robertsonian translocation occurs when two acrocentric chromosomes fuse at their centromeres.
  • Height is a polygenic trait. What does this mean?
    Height is influenced by multiple genes, making it a polygenic trait.
  • What is true of a heteroplasmic gene?
    A heteroplasmic gene can have different alleles within the same cell, often seen in mitochondrial DNA.
  • Why is height a good example of polygenic inheritance?
    Height is influenced by over 180 genes, demonstrating the complexity of polygenic inheritance.
  • What is polygenic inheritance?
    Polygenic inheritance is when a single trait is influenced by multiple genes.
  • Which traits are polygenic traits? Check all that apply. A) Skin color B) Eye color C) Human height D) Blood type
    A) Skin color, B) Eye color, C) Human height
  • Why is working with linked genes not simple?
    Linked genes do not assort independently, complicating genetic predictions and analyses.
  • What is polygenic inheritance, and can you provide an example of a polygenic trait in humans?
    Polygenic inheritance is when a single phenotypic trait is influenced by multiple genes. An example in humans is height, which is affected by over 180 different genes.
  • What are multifactorial characters, and how does the environment play a role in their expression? Give an example.
    Multifactorial characters are traits influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. For example, hydrangea flower color is affected by both the plant's genes and the pH of the soil, with acidic soil producing blue flowers and basic soil producing pink flowers.