Pedigrees exam Flashcards
Pedigrees exam
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Pedigree
A chart or family tree that depicts family relationships and tracks phenotypes over generations. What shape represents females in a pedigree?
Circles represent females. What shape represents males in a pedigree?
Squares represent males. Shaded shapes in a pedigree
Indicate affected individuals with the phenotype of interest. Horizontal lines in a pedigree
Connect mating pairs. Vertical lines in a pedigree
Connect parents to offspring. Unaffected female in a pedigree
Represented by an unshaded circle. Unaffected male in a pedigree
Represented by an unshaded square. Affected female in a pedigree
Represented by a shaded circle. Affected male in a pedigree
Represented by a shaded square. How are siblings represented in a pedigree?
By vertical lines connecting them to the same set of parents. P generation
The first generation in a pedigree. F1 generation
The first generation of offspring in a pedigree. F2 generation
The second generation of offspring in a pedigree. How do you determine the father of an individual in a pedigree?
By finding the vertical connection to an unshaded square (unaffected male) or shaded square (affected male). How do you determine siblings in a pedigree?
By finding individuals vertically connected to the same set of parents. How do you determine a daughter in a pedigree?
By finding a vertical connection to a circle (female) from the parents. What does a vertical connection between two individuals indicate?
A parent-offspring relationship. What does a horizontal connection between two individuals indicate?
A mating pair. How are generations typically read in a pedigree?
From top to bottom. What does an unshaded square represent?
An unaffected male. What does an unshaded circle represent?
An unaffected female. What does a shaded square represent?
An affected male. What does a shaded circle represent?
An affected female. How do you identify the F1 generation in a pedigree?
The first generation of offspring below the P generation. How do you identify the F2 generation in a pedigree?
The generation below the F1 generation. What is the significance of shaded shapes in a pedigree?
They indicate individuals with the phenotype of interest. How do you determine the mother of an individual in a pedigree?
By finding the vertical connection to an unshaded circle (unaffected female) or shaded circle (affected female). What does a vertical line connecting two shapes indicate?
A parent-offspring relationship.
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