Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent quiz #2 Flashcards
Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent quiz #2
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Where is the majority of Earth's water found?
The majority of Earth's water is found in the oceans. Which characteristic is a property of water?
Water is a universal solvent, meaning it can dissolve many different solutes. What gives water many properties that are important to living things?
Water's polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds give it many important properties for living things. What characteristics of water make it an important substance on Earth?
Water's solvent properties, high specific heat, and cohesive and adhesive behaviors make it important on Earth. Which characteristic of water contributes to its special properties?
Water's polarity and hydrogen bonding contribute to its special properties. What water properties allow water to be a good transporter in organisms?
Water's solvent properties and ability to form hydration shells make it a good transporter in organisms. Which of the following answer choices is not a property of water? A) High specific heat B) Universal solvent C) Non-polarity D) Cohesion
C) Non-polarity What is the term for substances that dissolve well in water?
Substances that dissolve well in water are called hydrophilic. What is the term for substances that do not dissolve well in water?
Substances that do not dissolve well in water are called hydrophobic. What is an aqueous solution?
An aqueous solution is a solution where water serves as the solvent. Why is water referred to as the universal solvent in biological systems?
Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve a wide variety of solutes, such as salts and proteins, making it essential for forming aqueous solutions in biological systems. In an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water, which component is the solvent and which is the solute?
In an aqueous solution of sodium chloride in water, water is the solvent and sodium chloride (NaCl) is the solute. What does the term 'aqueous solution' mean?
An aqueous solution is a solution in which water acts as the solvent. What is a hydration shell in the context of water as a solvent?
A hydration shell is a layer of water molecules that surrounds and stabilizes dissolved ions or molecules in solution. How does a heterogeneous solution differ from a homogeneous solution?
A heterogeneous solution has its components unevenly distributed, resulting in a non-uniform mixture. What does the root 'hetero' in 'heterogeneous' indicate about the solution?
The root 'hetero' means 'different,' indicating that a heterogeneous solution has different or unevenly distributed components. What types of molecules are typically hydrophilic?
Polar and charged molecules, such as salts and ions, are typically hydrophilic. What types of molecules are typically hydrophobic?
Nonpolar molecules, such as fats, oils, and waxes, are typically hydrophobic. Give an example of a hydrophilic substance and explain why it is hydrophilic.
Table salt (sodium chloride) is hydrophilic because its charged ions interact strongly with water molecules, allowing it to dissolve easily. What happens when you mix oil and water, and why?
When oil and water are mixed, the oil separates into a distinct layer because oil is hydrophobic and does not dissolve in water. What is the role of water in forming aqueous solutions in living organisms?
Water acts as the solvent in aqueous solutions, allowing essential solutes like ions, proteins, and nutrients to dissolve and participate in biological processes. Can water dissolve all substances? Explain your answer.
No, water cannot dissolve all substances; it mainly dissolves hydrophilic (polar or charged) substances, while hydrophobic (nonpolar) substances do not dissolve well. Why are biological systems typically described as using aqueous solutions?
Biological systems are described as using aqueous solutions because water is the primary solvent in living organisms, dissolving many essential solutes. How does the distribution of solutes differ in homogeneous versus heterogeneous solutions?
In homogeneous solutions, solutes are evenly distributed throughout, while in heterogeneous solutions, solutes are unevenly distributed. How do the properties of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances affect their behavior in water?
Hydrophilic substances dissolve well in water due to their attraction to water molecules, while hydrophobic substances do not dissolve and tend to separate from water.
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