Proteins quiz #4 Flashcards
Proteins quiz #4
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Which of the following correctly describes the quaternary structure of a protein? a) The sequence of amino acids b) The overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide c) The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains d) The formation of alpha helices and beta sheets
c) The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains What is not a function of proteins? a) Catalysis b) Transport c) Genetic information storage d) Structural support
c) Genetic information storage How do proteins determine the traits of an organism?
Proteins determine traits by performing functions that affect the organism's phenotype. Interactions between different proteins can be stabilized by which of the following? a) Hydrogen bonds b) Ionic bonds c) Disulfide bridges d) All of the above
d) All of the above What happens if the shape of a protein is altered?
If the shape of a protein is altered, it may lose its function or become nonfunctional. What are the basic building blocks of protein?
Amino acids are the basic building blocks of protein. How might this change affect the structure and function of the protein?
A change in amino acid sequence can alter the protein's structure and function, potentially leading to dysfunction. Which property is necessary for protein A to bind to protein B?
Complementary shape and charge are necessary for protein A to bind to protein B. Which of the following is the best example of a complete protein source? a) Rice b) Beans c) Chicken d) Corn
c) Chicken What are ways in which amino acid side chains affect the structure and function of a protein?
Amino acid side chains affect protein structure and function through interactions like hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Which of these cell-building molecules is made by linking amino acids together?
Proteins are made by linking amino acids together. Which one of the following is a main function of many proteins? a) Energy storage b) Catalysis c) Genetic information storage d) None of the above
b) Catalysis Why can protein take the place of carbohydrates and fats?
Proteins can provide energy and are essential for building and repairing tissues, but they are not the primary energy source like carbohydrates and fats. What are proteins made of?
Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds. What is the directionality of a protein chain called?
Protein chains have directionality with an N-terminal (amino group) and a C-terminal (carboxyl group) end. What makes each amino acid unique?
Each amino acid has a unique R group (side chain) that gives it specific properties. What is the primary structure of a protein?
The primary structure is the specific sequence, type, and number of amino acids in a protein chain. Why is the primary structure of a protein important?
The primary structure dictates all higher levels of protein structure and ultimately the protein's function. What are alpha helices and beta sheets?
Alpha helices are spiral structures, and beta sheets are zigzag, pleated structures formed by the protein backbone. What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
The quaternary structure is formed when multiple polypeptide chains associate to form a single functional protein. What is a denatured protein?
A denatured protein is a nonfunctional protein that has lost its shape due to environmental changes. What are chaperone proteins?
Chaperone proteins help other proteins fold correctly or refold after denaturation. What is an amino acid?
An amino acid is the monomer unit of proteins, containing a central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and a unique R group. What is a peptide?
A peptide is a chain of fewer than 50 amino acids linked by peptide bonds. How is a protein different from a polypeptide?
A protein is one or more polypeptide chains in their folded, functional form. What is the C-terminal end of a protein?
The C-terminal end is the end of a protein with a free carboxyl group. What is the backbone of an amino acid?
The backbone consists of the central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, and hydrogen atom. What is the relationship between protein structure and function?
A protein's structure determines its function; loss of structure leads to loss of function. What is the role of peptide bonds in proteins?
Peptide bonds covalently link amino acids together in a protein chain. How do chaperone proteins assist denatured proteins?
Chaperone proteins help denatured proteins refold into their correct, functional shapes. What is the effect of pH changes on proteins?
Changes in pH can disrupt protein structure, leading to denaturation. What is the alpha carbon in an amino acid?
The alpha carbon is the central carbon atom to which the amino, carboxyl, hydrogen, and R group are attached. What is the relationship between polypeptides and proteins?
Proteins are one or more polypeptide chains that are folded into functional forms. What is the significance of protein folding?
Proper folding is essential for protein function; misfolded proteins are often nonfunctional. What is the main cause of protein denaturation?
Environmental changes such as temperature, pH, or salt concentration can cause denaturation. What is the difference between tertiary and quaternary protein structure?
Tertiary structure is the 3D shape of one polypeptide; quaternary structure is the association of multiple polypeptides. What happens to a protein's function if it is denatured?
A denatured protein loses its function because its shape is altered. How do proteins achieve their final functional form?
Proteins fold into specific three-dimensional shapes, sometimes with the help of chaperone proteins. What is the minimum number of amino acids in an oligopeptide?
An oligopeptide has at least 2 amino acids. What is the main difference between an oligopeptide and a polypeptide?
Oligopeptides have 2–20 amino acids; polypeptides have more than 50.
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