Thermoregulation quiz #1 Flashcards
Thermoregulation quiz #1
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What is the primary difference between endothermic and ectothermic organisms in terms of heat generation and energy requirements?
Endothermic organisms generate most of their body heat internally through metabolism and require more energy (food) to maintain their temperature, while ectothermic organisms rely mainly on external heat sources and use less energy for thermoregulation. How do homeotherms and poikilotherms differ in their regulation of body temperature?
Homeotherms maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature regardless of environmental changes, while poikilotherms allow their body temperature to vary with the environment. Describe two physiological adaptations that help animals conserve body heat.
Insulation, such as fur, feathers, or fat (blubber), reduces heat loss, and vasoconstriction decreases blood flow to the skin, minimizing heat loss to the environment. What is countercurrent exchange, and how does it help in thermoregulation?
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism where blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body core run alongside vessels carrying cooler blood from the extremities, allowing heat transfer between them. This conserves heat by warming the returning blood before it reaches the core. What behavioral and physiological responses do humans use to regulate body temperature when exposed to cold and hot environments?
In cold environments, humans may shiver (muscle activity generates heat) and experience vasoconstriction (reducing heat loss). In hot environments, sweating (evaporation cools the body) and vasodilation (increasing heat loss) help lower body temperature. What is the main distinction between endothermic and ectothermic organisms regarding how they generate and use energy for body heat?
Endothermic organisms generate most of their body heat internally through metabolism and require more energy (food), while ectothermic organisms rely mainly on external heat sources and use less energy for thermoregulation. How do homeotherms and poikilotherms differ in their approach to regulating body temperature?
Homeotherms maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature regardless of environmental changes, while poikilotherms allow their body temperature to vary with the environment. Name two physiological adaptations animals use to conserve body heat and briefly describe how they work.
Insulation, such as fur, feathers, or fat (blubber), reduces heat loss, and vasoconstriction decreases blood flow to the skin, minimizing heat loss to the environment. What is countercurrent exchange and how does it help animals conserve heat?
Countercurrent exchange is when blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body core run alongside vessels carrying cooler blood from the extremities, allowing heat transfer between them and warming the returning blood before it reaches the core. What are two behavioral or physiological responses humans use to regulate body temperature in cold and hot environments?
In cold environments, humans may shiver (muscle activity generates heat) and experience vasoconstriction (reducing heat loss); in hot environments, sweating (evaporation cools the body) and vasodilation (increasing heat loss) help lower body temperature.
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