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exam 3 (chapters 9-11)

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  • Catabolic Pathways

    Break down complex molecules and releases stored energy.

  • Cellular Respiration

    Consists of a series of metabolic reactions that convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP.

  • Aerobic respiration

    Combines oxygen along with an organic fuel.

  • Anaerobic respiration

    uses substances other than oxygen to produce chemical energy.

  • Redox reactions

    Electrons are transferred during chemical reactions and energy is released and stored in the form of ATP.

  • Oxidation

    The loss of electrons from one substance which means it gains a more positive charge.

  • Reduction

    The addition of electrons to another substance which means it adds a negative charge.

  • Glycolysis

    Initiates the degradation process of glucose to produce energy.

  • Mesophyll

    The tissue interior of the leaf that contains multiple chloroplasts

  • Stomata

    Microscopic pores where carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits the plant cells

  • Thylakoids

    tiny compartments that contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

  • Granum

    Stacks of thylakoids

  • 6co2+6H2O-> C6H12O6+6O2

    Photosynthesis equation

  • Electromagnetic energy (radiation)

    Disturbances of electric and magnetic fields that travel in rhythmic waves.

  • Quorom Sensing

    How bacteria cells monitor cell density to coordinate behavior of all cells in a population

  • Gap Junctions

    Are a type of cell junction found in animal cells.

  • Plasmodesmata

    Are a type of cell junction found in plant cells

  • G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)

    A type of plasma membrane protein receptor that uses G proteins to bind with GTP to become activated

  • Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)

    A type of plasma membrane protein receptor that uses protein kinases to phosphorylate tyrosine molecules to become activated

  • Ion Channel receptors

    A type of plasma membrane protein receptor that use ligand-gated ion channel receptors that acts as a gate to allow or block specific ions.

  • Apoptosis

    is programed cell death used to protect neighboring cells from damaged cells