Ch. 5 The Working Cell

Taylor - Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections 10th Edition

Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook

Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan 10th Edition

Ch. 5 The Working Cell

Problem 2

Chapter 5, Problem 2

Label the parts of the following diagram illustrating the catalytic cycle of an enzyme.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the enzyme structure in the diagram. The purple structure labeled 'a' represents the enzyme itself, which is a protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions.

Step 2: Label the active site of the enzyme. The region labeled 'b' is the active site, where the substrate molecules bind specifically to the enzyme.

Step 3: Recognize the substrate molecules. The hexagonal shapes labeled 'f' represent the substrates, which are the reactants that the enzyme acts upon.

Step 4: Label the enzyme-substrate complex. The structure labeled 'c' shows the enzyme bound to the substrates, forming the enzyme-substrate complex during the reaction.

Step 5: Label the product release. The structure labeled 'e' represents the enzyme releasing the products after the reaction is complete, and the enzyme is ready to catalyze another reaction.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Enzyme Structure

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They have a specific three-dimensional structure that includes an active site, where substrates bind. The shape and chemical environment of the active site are crucial for the enzyme's ability to catalyze reactions effectively.

Catalytic Cycle

The catalytic cycle of an enzyme describes the series of steps that occur during the conversion of substrates into products. This cycle typically includes substrate binding, the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex, the conversion of substrates into products, and the release of products, allowing the enzyme to return to its original state and catalyze another reaction.

Substrate Specificity

Substrate specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to selectively bind to a particular substrate or group of substrates. This specificity is determined by the shape and chemical properties of the enzyme's active site, which only fits certain substrates, ensuring that enzymes catalyze specific reactions efficiently without interference from other molecules.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Fill in the following concept map to review the processes by which molecules move across membranes.

<IMAGE?

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Textbook Question

Which best describes the structure of a cell membrane?

a. Proteins between two bilayers of phospholipids

b. Proteins embedded in a bilayer of phospholipids

c. A bilayer of protein coating a layer of phospholipids

d. Cholesterol embedded in a bilayer of phospholipids

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Textbook Question

A plant cell placed in distilled water will ______________; an animal cell placed in distilled water will ______________.

a. Burst … burst

b. Become flaccid … shrivel

c. Become turgid … be normal in shape

d. Become turgid … burst

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Textbook Question

The sodium concentration in a cell is 10 times less than the concentration in the surrounding fluid. How can the cell move sodium out of the cell? (Explain your answer.)

a. Passive transport

b. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

c. Active transport

d. Facilitated diffusion

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