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Contingency Tables definitions

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  • Contingency Table
    A matrix displaying frequencies for combinations of two categorical variables, allowing for joint analysis.
  • Categorical Variable
    A data type representing distinct groups or categories, such as grade level or height range.
  • Observed Frequency
    The actual count found in a dataset for a specific combination of categories in a table.
  • Expected Frequency
    A calculated value predicting how often a category combination should occur if variables are independent.
  • Independence
    A condition where the occurrence of one variable's category does not affect the other variable's category.
  • Row Total
    The sum of observed frequencies across all columns for a specific row in a table.
  • Column Total
    The sum of observed frequencies down all rows for a specific column in a table.
  • Grand Total
    The overall sum of all observed frequencies in a contingency table, representing the total sample size.
  • Cell
    An individual entry in a table representing the frequency for a specific combination of categories.
  • Joint Probability
    The likelihood of two categorical events occurring together, calculated by multiplying their probabilities if independent.
  • Frequency Distribution
    A summary showing how often each value or category occurs within a dataset.
  • Subtotal
    An intermediate sum in a table, typically found at the end of rows or columns, aiding in calculations.
  • Statistical Analysis
    A process involving the examination and interpretation of data to uncover patterns or relationships.
  • Probability
    A measure quantifying the chance of a particular event or category occurring within a dataset.
  • E Value
    A shorthand for expected frequency, representing the theoretical count for a cell under independence.