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Intro to Collecting Data definitions

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  • Experiment
    A study where a controlled change is applied to measure its effects, allowing for assumptions about cause and effect.
  • Observational Study
    A study where characteristics are measured without manipulation, preventing assumptions about cause and effect.
  • Treatment
    A specific change or condition applied to subjects in a study to observe its impact on outcomes.
  • Causation
    A relationship where one event is understood to directly produce an effect in another.
  • Placebo
    A fake intervention given to subjects to serve as a control, having no real effect on the outcome.
  • Survey
    A method of collecting data by asking questions to gather information about current characteristics or opinions.
  • Fair Die
    A randomizing device with equal probability for each outcome, used as a standard in probability experiments.
  • Loaded Die
    A randomizing device altered to favor certain outcomes, used to demonstrate effects of manipulation.
  • Control Group
    A set of subjects not receiving the treatment, used as a baseline for comparison in experiments.
  • Data Collection
    The process of gathering information systematically for analysis in a study.
  • Trend
    A pattern or direction observed in data, indicating a possible relationship between variables.
  • Subject
    An individual or entity from which data is collected in a study.
  • Characteristic
    A measurable attribute or feature observed or recorded about subjects in a study.
  • Manipulation
    The deliberate alteration of a variable or condition in an experiment to observe its effect.
  • Comparison
    The act of evaluating differences or similarities between groups or conditions in a study.