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Matched Pairs Hypothesis Test - Excel definitions

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  • Pooled t Test
    Statistical method comparing two means when population variances are unknown but assumed equal, often used in experimental design.
  • Null Hypothesis
    Statement asserting no difference exists between two population means, serving as the default assumption in testing.
  • Alternative Hypothesis
    Claim suggesting a difference exists between two population means, tested against the null hypothesis.
  • Population Mean
    Average value of a variable for an entire group, often represented by the Greek letter mu (μ).
  • Population Variance
    Measure of how data points in a population are spread out, assumed equal in pooled t tests.
  • Alpha Level
    Threshold probability, such as 0.05, used to determine statistical significance in hypothesis testing.
  • p Value
    Probability of observing results as extreme as those measured, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
  • Two-Tailed Test
    Statistical test evaluating for any difference between means, regardless of direction.
  • T.TEST Function
    Excel tool for calculating the probability value when comparing two sample means under various test types.
  • Random Sample
    Subset of data selected from a population where each member has an equal chance of selection.
  • Significance Level
    Predefined cutoff, often 0.05, for deciding whether to reject the null hypothesis.
  • Experimental Design
    Structured approach to collecting and analyzing data to test hypotheses in a controlled manner.
  • Sample Data
    Observed values collected from a subset of a population, used to estimate population parameters.
  • Equality of Variances
    Assumption that two populations have the same variance, required for pooled t tests.
  • Hypothesis Test
    Procedure for making inferences about population parameters based on sample statistics.