BackPerforming Hypothesis Tests: Proportions definitions
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1/15BackSkip to main contentBackNull Hypothesis
Assumes the population parameter equals a specific value, serving as the default claim tested against evidence. Alternative Hypothesis
Represents the claim being investigated, indicating a difference or effect relative to the null hypothesis. Population Proportion
Describes the fraction of individuals in a population exhibiting a particular characteristic. Sample Proportion
Calculated by dividing the number of successes in a sample by the total sample size. Significance Level
Threshold probability, often denoted by alpha, used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. Test Statistic
A standardized value, such as a z score, computed from sample data to assess evidence against the null hypothesis. P Value
Probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, the one calculated, assuming the null hypothesis is true. Critical Value
A cutoff point on the test statistic scale that determines the boundary for rejecting the null hypothesis. Random Sample
A subset of the population selected so that each member has an equal chance of being chosen. Left Tailed Test
A hypothesis test where the alternative hypothesis specifies that the parameter is less than the null value. Z Score
A measure indicating how many standard deviations a sample statistic is from the hypothesized population parameter. Alpha
Represents the probability of making a Type I error, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01 in hypothesis testing. N P Condition
A requirement that the expected number of successes in a sample is at least five for valid hypothesis testing. N Q Condition
A requirement that the expected number of failures in a sample is at least five for valid hypothesis testing. One Sample Z Test
A statistical procedure used to test hypotheses about a population mean or proportion when the standard deviation is known.
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