Exercises 27–36 tell how many units and in what directions the graphs of the given equations are to be shifted. Give an equation for the shifted graph. Then sketch the original and shifted graphs together, labeling each graph with its equation.
y = x³ Left 1, down 1
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Identify the original function: The given function is \( y = x^3 \).
Determine the horizontal shift: A shift to the left by 1 unit means replacing \( x \) with \( x + 1 \) in the function. This gives us \( y = (x + 1)^3 \).
Determine the vertical shift: A shift down by 1 unit means subtracting 1 from the entire function. This modifies the equation to \( y = (x + 1)^3 - 1 \).
Write the equation for the shifted graph: The new equation after applying both shifts is \( y = (x + 1)^3 - 1 \).
Sketch the graphs: Draw the original graph of \( y = x^3 \) and the shifted graph \( y = (x + 1)^3 - 1 \) on the same set of axes, labeling each graph with its respective equation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Graph Shifting
Graph shifting involves translating a graph horizontally and vertically on the coordinate plane. A horizontal shift moves the graph left or right, while a vertical shift moves it up or down. For the equation y = x³, shifting left by 1 unit and down by 1 unit results in the new equation y = (x + 1)³ - 1.
A horizontal shift changes the x-values of a function. If a graph is shifted left by 'a' units, the transformation is represented by replacing x with (x + a) in the equation. For y = x³, shifting left by 1 unit modifies the equation to y = (x + 1)³, effectively moving the graph one unit to the left.
A vertical shift affects the y-values of a function. Shifting a graph down by 'b' units involves subtracting 'b' from the entire function. In the case of y = x³, shifting down by 1 unit results in the equation y = x³ - 1, which lowers the graph by one unit on the y-axis.