Table of contents

0. Functions7h 55m

Introduction to Functions
18m

Piecewise Functions
10m

Properties of Functions
9m

Common Functions
1h 8m

Transformations
5m

Combining Functions
27m

Exponent rules
32m

Exponential Functions
28m

Logarithmic Functions
24m

Properties of Logarithms
36m

Exponential & Logarithmic Equations
35m

Introduction to Trigonometric Functions
38m

Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
44m

Trigonometric Identities
47m

Inverse Trigonometric Functions
48m

1. Limits and Continuity2h 2m

Introduction to Limits
41m

Finding Limits Algebraically
40m

Continuity
40m

2. Intro to Derivatives1h 33m

Tangent Lines and Derivatives
30m

Derivatives as Functions
14m

Basic Graphing of the Derivative
23m

Differentiability
26m

3. Techniques of Differentiation3h 18m

Basic Rules of Differentiation
39m

Higher Order Derivatives
12m

Product and Quotient Rules
55m

Derivatives of Trig Functions
40m

The Chain Rule
49m

4. Applications of Derivatives2h 38m

Motion Analysis
36m

Implicit Differentiation
27m

Related Rates
59m

Linearization
13m

Differentials
21m

5. Graphical Applications of Derivatives6h 2m

Intro to Extrema
23m

Finding Global Extrema
50m

The First Derivative Test
1h 5m

Concavity
1h 1m

The Second Derivative Test
31m

Curve Sketching
44m

Applied Optimization
1h 25m

6. Derivatives of Inverse, Exponential, & Logarithmic Functions2h 37m

Derivatives of Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
1h 52m

Logarithmic Differentiation
20m

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
24m

7. Antiderivatives & Indefinite Integrals1h 26m

Antiderivatives
17m

Indefinite Integrals
25m

Integrals of Trig Functions
15m

Initial Value Problems
27m

8. Definite Integrals4h 44m

Estimating Area with Finite Sums
42m

Riemann Sums
1h 21m

Introduction to Definite Integrals
22m

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
37m

Average Value of a Function
21m

Substitution
1h 19m

9. Graphical Applications of Integrals2h 27m

Area Between Curves
1h 18m

Introduction to Volume & Disk Method
1h 8m

10. Physics Applications of Integrals 3h 16m

Kinematics
1h 13m

Work
2h 3m

11. Integrals of Inverse, Exponential, & Logarithmic Functions2h 31m

Integrals of Exponential Functions
40m

Integrals Involving Logarithmic Functions
58m

Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions
52m

12. Techniques of Integration7h 41m

Integration by Parts
2h 32m

Partial Fractions
4h 29m

Improper Integrals
39m

13. Intro to Differential Equations2h 55m

Basics of Differential Equations
48m

Slope Fields
19m

Euler's Method
22m

Separable Differential Equations
1h 25m

14. Sequences & Series5h 36m

Sequences
1h 22m

Review of Factorials
11m

Series
44m

Convergence Tests
3h 17m

15. Power Series2h 19m

Introduction to Power Series
1h 9m

Taylor Series & Taylor Polynomials
1h 10m

16. Parametric Equations & Polar Coordinates7h 58m

Parametric Equations
1h 6m

Calculus with Parametric Curves
1h 13m

Polar Coordinates
2h 5m

Calculus in Polar Coordinates
55m

Conic Sections
2h 36m

16. Parametric Equations & Polar Coordinates

Parametric Equations

Calculus

16. Parametric Equations & Polar Coordinates

Parametric Equations

Previous problemNext problem

1:56 minutes

Problem 12.R.10a

Textbook Question

10–12. Parametric curves
a. Eliminate the parameter to obtain an equation in x and y.
x = t² + 4, y = -t, for -2 < t < 0; (5, 1)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the given parametric equations: \(x = t^{2} + 4\) and \(y = -t\), with the parameter \(t\) in the interval \(-2 < t < 0\).

Express the parameter \(t\) in terms of \(y\) from the second equation: since \(y = -t\), then \(t = -y\).

Substitute \(t = -y\) into the first equation to eliminate the parameter: \(x = (-y)^{2} + 4\).

Simplify the expression: \(x = y^{2} + 4\).

Write the final Cartesian equation relating \(x\) and \(y\): \(x = y^{2} + 4\), which represents the curve without the parameter \(t\).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Parametric Equations

Parametric equations express the coordinates of points on a curve as functions of a parameter, often denoted as t. Instead of y as a function of x, both x and y depend on t, allowing the description of more complex curves.

Eliminating the Parameter

Eliminating the parameter involves manipulating the parametric equations to remove t, resulting in a direct relationship between x and y. This often requires solving one equation for t and substituting into the other to find an explicit or implicit equation of the curve.

Domain Restrictions on the Parameter

The parameter t is often restricted to a specific interval, which limits the portion of the curve described. Understanding these bounds is essential to correctly interpret the curve's segment and verify points like (5, 1) lie within the given parameter range.

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Textbook Question

67–72. Derivatives Consider the following parametric curves.

a. Determine dy/dx in terms of t and evaluate it at the given value of t.

x = cos t, y = 8 sin t; t = π/2

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Textbook Question

37–52. Curves to parametric equations Find parametric equations for the following curves. Include an interval for the parameter values. Answers are not unique.

The line that passes through the points P(1, 1) and Q(3, 5), oriented in the direction of increasing x

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Textbook Question

37–52. Curves to parametric equations Find parametric equations for the following curves. Include an interval for the parameter values. Answers are not unique.

The lower half of the circle centered at (−2, 2) with radius 6, oriented in the counterclockwise direction

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Textbook Question

53–56. Circular motion Find parametric equations that describe the circular path of the following objects. For Exercises 53–55, assume (x, y) denotes the position of the object relative to the origin at the center of the circle. Use the units of time specified in the problem. There are many ways to describe any circle.

A bicyclist rides counterclockwise with constant speed around a circular velodrome track with a radius of 50 m, completing one lap in 24 seconds.

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Textbook Question

7–8. Parametric curves and tangent lines

a. Eliminate the parameter to obtain an equation in x and y.

x = 4sin 2t, y = 3cos 2t, for 0 ≤ t ≤ π; t = π/6

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Textbook Question

7–8. Parametric curves and tangent lines

a. Eliminate the parameter to obtain an equation in x and y.

x = 8cos t + 1, y = 8sin t + 2, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π; t = π/3

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Textbook Question

3–6. Eliminating the parameter Eliminate the parameter to find a description of the following curves in terms of x and y. Give a geometric description and the positive orientation of the curve.

x = sin t - 3, y = cos t + 6; 0 ≤ t ≤ π

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Textbook Question

Eliminate the parameter in the parametric equations x=1+sin t, y=3+2 sin t, for 0≤t≤π/2, and describe the curve, indicating its positive orientation. How does this curve differ from the curve x=1+sin t, y=3+2 sin t, for π/2≤t≤π?

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