Multiple Choice
In the context of DNA replication and the cell cycle, during which phase do chromosomes duplicate (i.e., DNA is replicated) before mitosis begins?
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16. Cell Division
DNA Replication
Multiple Choice
In the context of DNA replication, what occurs during the S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?
A
The cell divides the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells (cytokinesis).
B
The cell segregates sister chromatids and divides the nucleus (mitosis).
C
The cell grows and synthesizes proteins primarily needed for DNA replication (major growth phase).
D
The cell replicates its DNA, producing sister chromatids for each chromosome.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle: G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), G2 (second gap), and M (mitosis).
Recognize that the S phase specifically refers to the period when DNA replication occurs, meaning the cell duplicates its entire genome.
During the S phase, each chromosome is replicated to produce two identical sister chromatids connected at the centromere.
Note that this replication ensures that when the cell eventually divides during mitosis, each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
Differentiate the S phase from other phases: G1 is mainly for cell growth and protein synthesis, G2 prepares the cell for mitosis, and M phase involves nuclear division and cytokinesis.
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