Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not a stage of ATP synthesis?
11. Aerobic Respiration
ATP Synthesis Driven from Proton Gradients
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During ATP synthesis in mitochondria, the movement of protons through ATP synthase occurs from which compartment to which compartment?
A
From the cytosol to the intermembrane space
B
From the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol
C
From the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix
D
From the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the structure of the mitochondrion: The mitochondrion has two membranes (inner and outer) and two main compartments (the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix). The inner membrane is where the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase are located.
Recall the role of the electron transport chain (ETC): The ETC pumps protons (H⁺ ions) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient (high concentration of protons in the intermembrane space and low concentration in the matrix).
Understand the function of ATP synthase: ATP synthase is an enzyme embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It uses the energy from the movement of protons down their concentration gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
Determine the direction of proton movement: Protons move from the intermembrane space (high concentration) to the mitochondrial matrix (low concentration) through ATP synthase. This movement is driven by the proton gradient established by the ETC.
Conclude the correct answer: The movement of protons during ATP synthesis occurs from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix, as this is the direction that powers ATP production.
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