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Multiple Choice
In prokaryotic cell architecture, what is the primary function of the capsule (glycocalyx) surrounding some bacterial cells?
A
It helps the cell adhere to surfaces and protects it from desiccation and phagocytosis.
B
It houses the enzymes for ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation.
C
It provides selective transport of solutes into and out of the cell as the main permeability barrier.
D
It stores the cell’s genetic material and controls gene expression like a nucleus.
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Verified step by step guidance
1
Identify the structure in question: the capsule (also known as the glycocalyx) surrounding some prokaryotic cells, specifically bacteria.
Recall the general functions of the capsule in bacterial cells, which include protection and interaction with the environment.
Understand that the capsule helps bacteria adhere to surfaces, which is important for colonization and biofilm formation.
Recognize that the capsule also protects bacterial cells from desiccation (drying out) and from being engulfed and destroyed by immune cells (phagocytosis).
Compare these functions with the other options: ATP production occurs in the cell membrane, selective transport is managed by the cell membrane, and genetic material storage and gene expression control happen in the nucleoid region, not the capsule.