Table of contents

1. Overview of Cell Biology2h 49m
2. Chemical Components of Cells1h 14m
3. Energy1h 33m
4. DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes2h 31m
5. DNA to RNA to Protein2h 31m
6. Proteins1h 36m
7. Gene Expression1h 42m
8. Membrane Structure1h 4m
- The Lipid Bilayer
  38m
- Membrane Proteins
  25m
9. Transport Across Membranes1h 52m
10. Anerobic Respiration1h 5m
11. Aerobic Respiration1h 11m
12. Photosynthesis52m
13. Intracellular Protein Transport2h 18m
14. Cell Signaling1h 28m
15. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement1h 39m
16. Cell Division3h 5m
17. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction50m
18. Cell Junctions and Tissues48m
19. Stem Cells13m
- Stem Cells
  13m
20. Cancer44m
21. The Immune System1h 6m
22. Techniques in Cell Biology1h 41m

14. Cell Signaling

Overview of Signaling Molecules

Cell Biology

14. Cell Signaling

Overview of Signaling Molecules

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Multiple Choice

An activated G protein can trigger which of the following cellular events?

Degradation of mRNA in the cytoplasm

Direct synthesis of DNA in the nucleus

Transport of proteins into the mitochondria

Activation of adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of G proteins: G proteins are molecular switches that relay signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular targets. They are activated when a ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), causing the exchange of GDP for GTP on the G protein's alpha subunit.

Recognize the downstream effectors of activated G proteins: Once activated, the G protein can interact with various intracellular enzymes or ion channels. One common target is adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP).

Eliminate incorrect options: Degradation of mRNA in the cytoplasm, direct synthesis of DNA in the nucleus, and transport of proteins into the mitochondria are not processes directly triggered by G protein activation. These processes involve other cellular pathways and mechanisms.

Focus on the correct pathway: Activated G proteins (specifically the G_s subtype) stimulate adenylyl cyclase, leading to the production of cAMP. cAMP acts as a second messenger, amplifying the signal and activating downstream targets such as protein kinase A (PKA).

Conclude the correct cellular event: The activation of adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP is the correct answer, as it directly aligns with the role of G proteins in signal transduction pathways.