Multiple Choice
In the classic sickle-cell mutation affecting the β-globin (HBB) gene, which DNA coding-strand codon is altered (at codon 6) compared with the normal sequence?
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5. DNA to RNA to Protein
tRNA, rRNA and the Codon Code
Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, mature tRNA that participates directly in translation is found primarily in which location?
A
Mitochondrial matrix only
B
Nucleus
C
Golgi apparatus lumen
D
Cytoplasm
Verified step by step guidance1
Recall the process of tRNA maturation and function in eukaryotic cells: tRNA is transcribed in the nucleus and undergoes processing there, but it must be transported to the cytoplasm to participate in translation.
Understand that translation, the process of protein synthesis, occurs on ribosomes which are located in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, not inside the nucleus or organelles like the Golgi apparatus or mitochondrial matrix.
Recognize that mature tRNA molecules are required to deliver amino acids to the ribosome during translation, so their functional location must be where translation occurs.
Eliminate options that do not align with the site of translation: mitochondrial matrix (specific to mitochondrial translation), nucleus (site of transcription and processing, not translation), and Golgi apparatus lumen (involved in protein modification and sorting, not translation).
Conclude that mature tRNA that participates directly in translation is found primarily in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate mRNA into protein.
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