Determine the different possibilities for the numbers of positive, negative, and nonreal complex zeros of each function.
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- 0. Review of Algebra4h 18m
- 1. Equations & Inequalities3h 18m
- 2. Graphs of Equations1h 43m
- 3. Functions2h 17m
- 4. Polynomial Functions1h 44m
- 5. Rational Functions1h 23m
- 6. Exponential & Logarithmic Functions2h 28m
- 7. Systems of Equations & Matrices4h 5m
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- 9. Sequences, Series, & Induction1h 22m
- 10. Combinatorics & Probability1h 45m
4. Polynomial Functions
Zeros of Polynomial Functions
Problem 101
Textbook Question
Find all complex zeros of each polynomial function. Give exact values. List multiple zeros as necessary.* ƒ(x)=x5-6x4+14x3-20x2+24x-16
Verified step by step guidance1
Start by examining the polynomial function \(f(x) = x^5 - 6x^4 + 14x^3 - 20x^2 + 24x - 16\) to look for possible rational roots using the Rational Root Theorem. The possible rational roots are factors of the constant term (\(\pm1, \pm2, \pm4, \pm8, \pm16\)) divided by factors of the leading coefficient (which is 1), so the candidates are \(\pm1, \pm2, \pm4, \pm8, \pm16\).
Test these possible roots by substituting them into \(f(x)\) or by using synthetic division to see if any of them yield zero. Finding a root means you have found a factor of the polynomial.
Once a root \(r\) is found, use polynomial division (either long division or synthetic division) to divide \(f(x)\) by \((x - r)\) to reduce the polynomial to a quartic (degree 4) polynomial.
Repeat the process of finding roots for the reduced polynomial. If the quartic can be factored further, continue factoring until you reach quadratic or linear factors. For quadratic factors, use the quadratic formula \(x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}\) to find complex or real zeros.
Collect all roots found from the linear factors and solutions from the quadratic factors. These roots are the complex zeros of the original polynomial. Make sure to list multiple zeros if any root has multiplicity greater than one.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Complex Zeros of Polynomial Functions
Complex zeros are the values of x, possibly including imaginary numbers, that make the polynomial equal to zero. According to the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, a polynomial of degree n has exactly n complex zeros, counting multiplicities. Finding these zeros involves solving the polynomial equation ƒ(x) = 0.
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Polynomial Division and Factoring
Factoring polynomials or using polynomial division helps break down higher-degree polynomials into simpler factors. Techniques like synthetic division or long division can test possible roots and reduce the polynomial's degree, making it easier to find all zeros step-by-step.
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Use of the Rational Root Theorem and Root Multiplicity
The Rational Root Theorem provides a list of possible rational zeros based on factors of the constant term and leading coefficient. Identifying multiple zeros (roots with multiplicity greater than one) is important, as they affect the shape of the graph and must be listed accordingly.
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