Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

Solubility Rules

General Chemistry

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

Solubility Rules

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following reactions occurs to a measurable extent in water?

AgNO_3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO_3 (aq)

BaSO_4 (aq) + Na_2SO_4 (aq) → BaSO_4 (s) + 2 Na^+ (aq)

Na_2CO_3 (aq) + KNO_3 (aq) → 2 K^+ (aq) + 2 NO_3^- (aq) + CO_3^{2-} (aq) + 2 Na^+ (aq)

KNO_3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → KCl (aq) + NaNO_3 (aq)

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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the type of reaction occurring in each equation. Typically, reactions that form a solid precipitate, a gas, or a weak electrolyte proceed to a measurable extent in water.

Check the solubility rules for each product in the reactions. For example, silver chloride (AgCl) is known to be insoluble in water and will precipitate out, while most nitrates (NO_3^-) and alkali metal salts (like NaCl, KNO_3) are soluble.

For the first reaction, AgNO_3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO_3 (aq), recognize that AgCl is a solid precipitate, indicating the reaction proceeds significantly in water.

For the second reaction, BaSO_4 (aq) + Na_2SO_4 (aq) → BaSO_4 (s) + 2 Na^+ (aq), note that BaSO_4 is sparingly soluble, but since it is already present as aqueous, the reaction does not shift significantly to form more solid.

For the third and fourth reactions, all species remain dissolved as ions in solution, so no precipitate or other driving force exists to push the reaction forward measurably.