Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

Valence Electrons of Elements

General Chemistry

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

Valence Electrons of Elements

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Multiple Choice

Why are only valence electrons, and not core electrons, typically involved in chemical bonding?

Valence electrons have higher binding energy, so they are more likely to participate in bonding.

Valence electrons are located in the outermost shell and are less tightly held, making them more available for interactions with other atoms.

Core electrons are more reactive because they are closer to the nucleus.

Core electrons are always shared between atoms during bond formation.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the difference between valence electrons and core electrons: Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, while core electrons are those in the inner shells closer to the nucleus.

Recognize that chemical bonding involves the interaction and sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms to achieve stable electron configurations, often resembling the nearest noble gas configuration.

Note that valence electrons are less tightly held by the nucleus because they are farther away and experience more shielding from inner electrons, making them more available to interact with other atoms.

Core electrons are held more tightly due to their proximity to the nucleus and the strong electrostatic attraction, so they do not typically participate in bonding because it requires significant energy to involve them.

Conclude that only valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding because they are the electrons that can be gained, lost, or shared to form chemical bonds, while core electrons remain largely unaffected.