Multiple Choice
Which element has six valence electrons in each of its atoms in the ground state?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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Which of the following elements has more core electrons than valence electrons?
A
Fluorine (F)
B
Sodium (Na)
C
Neon (Ne)
D
Carbon (C)
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the definitions of core and valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which participate in chemical bonding. Core electrons are all the electrons in the inner shells, not involved in bonding.
Step 2: Determine the electron configuration of each element to identify the number of core and valence electrons. For example, Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11, so its electron configuration is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1$.
Step 3: Count the valence electrons as those in the outermost shell. For Sodium, the outermost shell is the third shell with 1 electron ($3s^1$), so valence electrons = 1.
Step 4: Count the core electrons as all electrons not in the outermost shell. For Sodium, core electrons are those in the first and second shells: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6$, totaling 10 core electrons.
Step 5: Compare the number of core electrons to valence electrons for each element. The element with more core electrons than valence electrons is the one where the inner shells have more electrons than the outermost shell, which is Sodium in this case.
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