Multiple Choice
Which state of matter typically exhibits the greatest force of intermolecular attraction?
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13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
Multiple Choice
With which of the following compounds will NH_3 experience only ion-dipole intermolecular forces?
A
CO_2
B
NaCl (aq)
C
CH_4
D
H_2O
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the nature of NH_3 (ammonia): NH_3 is a polar molecule with a lone pair on nitrogen, capable of hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions.
Understand ion-dipole forces: Ion-dipole forces occur between an ion (charged species) and a polar molecule with a dipole moment.
Analyze each compound: CO_2 is nonpolar, so it interacts mainly via London dispersion forces; CH_4 is also nonpolar with only dispersion forces; H_2O is polar and can hydrogen bond with NH_3, so it involves hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole forces, not just ion-dipole.
Consider NaCl (aq): In aqueous solution, NaCl dissociates into Na^+ and Cl^- ions, which can interact with the dipole of NH_3 through ion-dipole forces exclusively.
Conclude that NH_3 experiences only ion-dipole forces with NaCl (aq) because the interaction is between ions and the polar NH_3 molecules, without hydrogen bonding or other intermolecular forces dominating.
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