Multiple Choice
In the balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of ammonia, N_2 + 3H_2 → 2NH_3, what is the mole ratio of hydrogen (H_2) to ammonia (NH_3)?
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3. Chemical Reactions
Stoichiometry
Multiple Choice
Which of the following will result in exactly 1.00 mole of sodium chloride (NaCl)?
A
23.00 g of NaCl
B
6.02 × 10^{23} molecules of NaCl
C
1.00 L of 1.00 M NaCl solution
D
58.44 g of NaCl
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of a mole. One mole of any substance contains exactly \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). For sodium chloride (NaCl), one mole corresponds to \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) formula units of NaCl.
Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of NaCl by adding the atomic masses of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). Sodium has an atomic mass of approximately 22.99 g/mol, and chlorine has an atomic mass of approximately 35.45 g/mol. So, \(M_{NaCl} = 22.99 + 35.45\) g/mol.
Step 3: Use the molar mass to relate grams of NaCl to moles. The number of moles is given by \(n = \frac{\text{mass (g)}}{M_{NaCl}}\). For example, 58.44 g of NaCl corresponds to \(\frac{58.44}{M_{NaCl}}\) moles.
Step 4: Understand the meaning of molarity (M). A 1.00 M NaCl solution contains 1.00 mole of NaCl per liter of solution. Therefore, 1.00 L of 1.00 M NaCl solution contains exactly 1.00 mole of NaCl.
Step 5: Recognize that \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) molecules of NaCl represent exactly 1 mole of NaCl, and 58.44 g of NaCl corresponds to 1 mole based on the molar mass. However, 23.00 g of NaCl is less than 1 mole because it is less than the molar mass.
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